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Digidata® 1550 Digitizer

Digidata® 1550 Digitizer

Company: Molecular Devices
Catalog#: Digitdata 1550
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Optogenetic Mapping of Synaptic Connections in Mouse Brain Slices to Define the Functional Connectome of Identified Neuronal Populations
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Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract]  Functional connectivity in a neural circuit is determined by the strength, incidence, and neurotransmitter nature of its connections (Chuhma, 2015). Using optogenetics the functional synaptic connections between an identified population of neurons and defined postsynaptic target neurons may be measured systematically in order to determine the functional connectome of that identified population. Here we describe the experimental protocol used to investigate the excitatory functional connectome of ventral midbrain dopamine neurons, mediated by glutamate cotransmission (Mingote et al., 2015). Dopamine neurons are made light sensitive by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding channelrhodopsin (ChR2) into the ventral midbrain of DATIREScre mice. The efficacy and ... [摘要]  神经回路中的功能连通性由其连接的强度,发病率和神经递质特性决定(Chuhma,2015)。使用光遗传学,可以系统地测量识别的神经元群体和定义的突触后靶神经元之间的功能性突触连接,以便确定该识别群体的功能性连接群。这里我们描述了用于研究由谷氨酸共转播介导的腹侧中脑多巴胺神经元的兴奋性功能性连接体的实验方案(Mingote等,2015)。通过将编码通道视紫红质(ChR2)的腺相关病毒(AAV)注射到DATIREScre小鼠的腹侧中脑中,使多巴胺神经元变得光敏。多巴胺合成酶酪氨酸羟化酶的免疫荧光证实ChR2表达在多巴胺神经元中的功效和特异性。然后,切片膜片钳记录由接受多巴胺神经元投影的区域中的神经元产生,并且确定兴奋性连接的发生率和强度。所有接受多巴胺神经元投射的区域的连接发生率和强度的总结构成功能性连接体。
【背景】为了建立特定神经回路的功能,有必要确定解剖连接,解剖连接的映射及其功能连接,连接的强度,发病率和神经递质性质的映射。使用单因素限制的病毒性突触后追踪技术,可以描述包括多巴胺系统在内的神经回路的复杂解剖连接(Callaway and Luo,2015; ...

Electroretinogram (ERG) Recordings from Drosophila
Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract]  Phototransduction is a process in which light is converted into electrical signals used by the central nervous system. Invertebrate phototransduction is a process mediated by the phosphoinositide signaling cascade, characterized by Phospholipase C (PLC) as the effector enzyme and the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as its target. The great advantage of using invertebrate photoreceptors is the simplicity of the preparation, the ease of light stimulation, the robust expression of key molecular components, and most importantly, the ability to apply the power of molecular genetics. This last feature is mainly attributed to Drosophila melanogaster as a preferred animal model.

The Electroretinogram (ERG) is an extracellular voltage recording from the entire eye, ...
[摘要]  光转导是将光转化为中枢神经系统使用的电信号的过程。无脊椎动物光转导是由磷酸肌醇信号级联介导的过程,其特征在于磷脂酶C(PLC)作为效应酶和瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道作为其靶标。使用无脊椎动物光感受器的巨大优势是制备的简单性,光刺激的容易性,关键分子组分的强大表达,最重要的是应用分子遗传学功能的能力。这最后一个特征主要归因于果蝇Melanogaster作为首选的动物模型。
视网膜电图(ERG)是从整个眼睛进行的细胞外电压记录,其反映了由于光刺激而引起的视网膜的总电活动。果蝇ERG光响应是稳健和容易获得的,因此使其成为识别由于突变导致的光反应缺陷的方便方法。延长的去极化后电位(PDA)是一种有用的ERG现象,可以在强烈的蓝光下从白眼苍蝇记录。由于光响应终止的失败,由于色素视紫红质的大量光转化引起的称为元视紫质的暗稳定状态。不同于轻度重合的ERG记录,其在光刺激停止后迅速下降到暗基线,在光偏移之后,PDA响应持续很长时间(小时)。然而,通过应用强烈的橙色光刺激,通过将视紫红质素转换回视紫红质,可以随时将该反应抑制到黑暗的基线(参见图7; Minke,2012)。 PDA已被用作筛选视觉缺陷突变体的重要工具(Minke,2012)。

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