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Eppendorf Tubes® 5.0 mL, 5.0 mL, Eppendorf QualityTM, colorless

Eppendorf Tubes® 5.0 mL, 5.0 Ml

Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: 0030119401
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Optical Clearing and Index Matching of Tissue Samples for High-resolution Fluorescence Imaging Using SeeDB2
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  Tissue clearing techniques are useful for large-scale three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of thick tissues. However, high-resolution imaging deep inside tissues has been challenging, as it is extremely sensitive to light scattering and spherical aberrations. Here, we present a water-based optical clearing and mounting media, SeeDB2, which is designed for high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses with oil or glycerol immersion. Using quick and simple soaking procedures, the refractive indices of samples can be matched either to that of immersion oil (1.52) or glycerol (1.46), thus minimizing light scattering and spherical aberrations. Fine morphology and various fluorescent proteins are highly preserved during the clearing and imaging process. Our method is useful for the ... [摘要]  组织清除技术可用于厚组织的大规模三维荧光成像。然而,高分辨率成像深层组织一直是一个挑战,因为它对光散射和球面像差极为敏感。在这里,我们提出了一种水基光学清除和安装介质SeeDB2,它是专为高数值孔径(NA)物镜和油或甘油浸泡而设计的。使用快速简单的浸泡程序,样品的折射率可以与浸油(1.52)或甘油(1.46)相匹配,从而最大限度地减少光散射和球面像差。在清理和成像过程中,高度保留了良好的形态和各种荧光蛋白。我们的方法可用于使用共聚焦和超分辨率显微镜在突触分辨率下的神经元电路的三维荧光成像。 SeeDB2也可用作荧光蛋白超分辨率成像的封固介质。
【背景】生物组织以3D组织。此外,许多重要的细胞机器,例如,例如,神经元中的突触,是亚微米级的。因此,对用于亚微米级3D成像的方法的需求不断增加。串联电子显微镜技术(例如>,FIB-SEM或SBF-SEM)很有前景,但它们无法充分利用现代生命科学中可用的基因荧光标记工具。为了利用荧光显微镜促进3D成像,近年来已经开发了许多组织清除技术(Richardson和Lichtman,2015和2017)。它们专为大规模3D成像而设计,其中一些可用于全脑,甚至是固定样品的全身尺度荧光成像,结合共焦,双光子或光片显微镜。然而,其中许多尚未针对高分辨率成像进行全面优化。
在荧光显微镜中,横向分辨率( d >)给出如下:
d ...

In vitro Enzymatic Assays of Histone Decrotonylation on Recombinant Histones
Author:
Date:
2018-07-20
[Abstract]  Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) are efficient histone decrotonylases, broadening the enzymatic spectrum of these important (epi-)genome regulators and drug targets. Here, we describe an in vitro approach to assaying class I HDACs with different acyl-histone substrates, including crotonylated histones and expand this to examine the effect of inhibitors and estimate kinetic constants. [摘要]  I类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)是有效的组蛋白去蛋白酶,拓宽了这些重要(epi-)基因组调节因子和药物靶标的酶谱。 在这里,我们描述了一种体外方法来测定具有不同酰基 - 组蛋白底物的I类HDAC,包括巴豆酰化组蛋白,并将其扩展以检查抑制剂的作用并估计动力学常数。

【背景】组蛋白的翻译后修饰是基因组调控的重要方面,包括基因表达(例如参见Pengelly et al。,2013;在Castillo 等人中综述,2017)。组蛋白修饰改变染色质结构和/或调节蛋白质的结合,例如核小体重塑因子(在Bannister和Kouzarides,2011中综述)。大多数组蛋白修饰是可逆的并且可以酶促去除。例如,通过组蛋白脱乙酰基酶(HDAC)除去组蛋白乙酰化,其中存在几类。近年来,新的组蛋白赖氨酸酰化,包括琥珀酰化,丙酰化,丁酰化,羟基丁基化和巴豆酰化已成为规范组蛋白乙酰化的新替代物,并且已经证实了许多这些新发现的组蛋白修饰的功能相关性(Sabari 等人,2017)。特别是,组蛋白巴豆酰化与活性基因表达有关,并被认为受细胞代谢状态的影响(Sabari et al。,2015; Fellows et al。 ,2018年)。最近已显示I类组蛋白脱乙酰酶也有效地去除组蛋白质(Wei et al。,2017; Fellows et al。,2018)。
...

Accurate, Streamlined Analysis of mRNA Translation by Sucrose Gradient Fractionation
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  The efficiency with which proteins are produced from mRNA molecules can vary widely across transcripts, cell types, and cellular states. Methods that accurately assay the translational efficiency of mRNAs are critical to gaining a mechanistic understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation. One way to measure translational efficiency is to determine the number of ribosomes associated with an mRNA molecule, normalized to the length of the coding sequence. The primary method for this analysis of individual mRNAs is sucrose gradient fractionation, which physically separates mRNAs based on the number of bound ribosomes. Here, we describe a streamlined protocol for accurate analysis of mRNA association with ribosomes. Compared to previous protocols, our method incorporates internal ... [摘要]  从mRNA分子产生蛋白质的效率可以在转录本,细胞类型和细胞状态之间广泛变化。准确测定mRNA翻译效率的方法对获得对转录后基因调控的机理理解至关重要。测量翻译效率的一种方法是确定与mRNA分子相关的核糖体的数目,归一化为编码序列的长度。分析单个mRNA的主要方法是蔗糖梯度分级,其基于结合核糖体的数目物理分离mRNA。在这里,我们描述了精确分析与核糖体的mRNA相关性的简化方案。与以前的方案相比,我们的方法结合内部控制和改进的缓冲条件,共同减少由非特异性mRNA - 核糖体相互作用引起的伪像。此外,我们的直接分数qRT-PCR方案消除了从梯度部分中RNA纯化的需要,这大大减少了所需的手动时间量,并促进了多个条件或基因靶标的并行分析。此外,在该过程中不产生苯酚废物。我们最初开发了协议来研究S-HAC1 mRNA的翻译抑制状态。但是我们还详细介绍了哺乳动物细胞系和组织的适应程序。
【背景】将mRNA翻译成蛋白质是一种高度调节的过程,其可以以不同的速率发生,这取决于基因,细胞环境或环境。翻译起始,延伸和终止的每个步骤可以是最终影响与mRNA相关的核糖体数量的调节点(Dever和Green,2012; ...

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