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Manganese(II) chloride dihydrate

Manganese(II) chloride dihydrate

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 105934
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Determination of NO and CSF Levels Produced by Bacillus subtilis
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Date:
2017-07-05
[Abstract]  The cell-to-cell communication and division of labour that occurs inside a beneficial biofilm produce significant differences in gene expression compared with the gene expression pattern of cells grew under planktonic conditions. In this sense, the levels of NO (nitric oxide) and CSF (Competence Sporulation Stimulating Factor) produced in Bacillus subtilis cultures have been measured only under planktonic growth conditions. We sought to determine whether NO and/or CSF production is affected in B. subtilis cells that develop as a biofilm. To measure the production levels of the two prolongevity molecules, we grew B. subtilis cells under planktonic and biofilm supporting condition. [摘要]  与浮游生物条件下生长的细胞的基因表达模式相比,有益生物膜内发生的细胞间细胞通讯和分裂产生显着的基因表达差异。 在这个意义上,仅在浮游生长条件下测量枯草芽孢杆菌培养物中产生的NO(一氧化氮)和CSF(能力孢子刺激因子)的水平。 我们试图确定是否NO和/或CSF生产受到影响。 枯草芽孢杆菌细胞作为生物膜发展。 为了测量两种长寿命分子的生产水平,我们生长了B。 枯草芽孢杆菌细胞在浮游生物膜支持条件下。
【背景】NO是关键的信号分子,在脊椎动物的各种生物过程中发挥作用(Kerwin等人,1995)。 ℃。 elegans 不能产生自己的NO,但是能够包含由B生产的NO。 (Cabreiro and Gems,2013; Gusarov et al。,2013; Kim,2013; Clark和Hodgkin,2014)。大多数生物体在通过由基因编码的酶NO合成酶催化的反应中,通过L-精氨酸向L-瓜氨酸的有氧转化而产生NO(Sudhamsu和Crane,2009)。 电子。 (OP50,HB101)(Cabreiro和Gems,2013; Kim,2013; Clark和Hodgkin,2014),其中几种常规用于喂食蠕虫(OP50,HB101),因为缺乏有氧NO生产,不太熟练功能副本 nos (Sudhamsu and ...

Cation (Ca2+ and Mn2+) Partitioning Assays with Intact Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract]  Determination of the relative distribution of Ca2+ and Mn2+ is an important tool for analyzing mutants showing altered levels of calcium and/or manganese transporters in the chloroplast envelope or thylakoid membrane. The method described in this protocol allows quantitative analyses of the relative distribution of calcium and manganese ions between chloroplast stroma and thylakoids using the isotopes [45Ca] and [54Mn] as radioactive tracers. To avoid contaminations with non chloroplastidic membrane systems, the method is designed for isolating pure and intact chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. Intact chloroplasts are isolated via Percoll gradient centrifugation. Chloroplasts are then allowed to take up [45Ca] or [54 ... [摘要]  测定Ca 2 + 和Mn 2 + 的相对分布是分析在叶绿体包膜或类囊体中钙和/或锰转运蛋白水平发生变化的突变体的重要工具膜。该方案中描述的方法允许使用同位素[ 45 Ca]和[ 54 Mn]定量分析叶绿体基质和类囊体之间钙和锰离子的相对分布,作为放射性示踪剂。为了避免非叶绿体膜系统的污染,该方法被设计用于分离拟南芥的纯和完整的叶绿体。通过Percoll梯度离心分离完整的叶绿体。然后在轻孵育步骤期间使叶绿体吸收[ 45 Ca]或[ 54 Mn]。孵化后,叶绿体保持完整或渗透/机械处理以释放类囊体。通过液体闪烁计数可以确定掺入量[ 45 Ca]或[ 54 Mn]的量,并计算相对分布。

背景 钙和锰是光系统II的结构组分,形成无机Mn 4 O 5 O 5 O 3簇,其中水氧化发生电子,质子和分子氧的结果。通过叶绿体包膜和类囊体膜的Ca 2+ / +和/或超氧化物质是使得植物细胞满足PSII对这些阳离子的高需求的基本过程。在先前的研究中,使用来自豌豆植物的分离的类囊体膜(Ettinger等人)分析了Ca 2 + / H ...

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