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Axygen® 1.5mL MaxyClear Snaplock Microcentrifuge Tube, Polypropylene, Red, Nonsterile

Axygen® 1.5mL MaxyClear Snaplock Microcentrifuge Tube, Polypropylene

Company: Corning
Catalog#: MCT-150-R
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Fluorometric Estimation of Glutathione in Cultured Microglial Cell Lysate
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  Glutathione is one of the major antioxidant defense components present in cells. It is predominantly present as reduced glutathione (GSH) and converted into oxidized glutathione (GSSG) while reducing the free radicals like hydroxyl ions (OH-). For the measurement of GSH and GSSG, o-phthalaldehyde (OPT) has been used as a fluorescent reagent. O-phthalaldehyde has an ability to react specifically with GSH at pH 8 and GSSG at pH 12 respectively. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) has been used to prevent auto-oxidation of GSH during measurement of GSSG in the present protocol. The original protocol by Hissin and Hilf was developed for glutathione estimation in Rat liver tissue. The present protocol has been standardized following Hissin and Hilf (1976) for the estimation of ... [摘要]  谷胱甘肽是细胞中存在的主要抗氧化防御成分之一。它主要作为还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)存在并转化为氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),同时还可以减少自由基,如羟基离子(OH)。对于GSH和GSSG的测定,邻苯二甲醛(OPT)已被用作荧光试剂。邻苯二甲醛具有与pH8的GSH和pH12的GSSG特异性反应的能力。已经使用N-甲基马来酰亚胺(NEM)来在本方案中测量GSSG期间防止GSH的自动氧化。 Hissin和Hilf的原始方案被开发用于大鼠肝组织中的谷胱甘肽估计。目前的方案已经在Hissin和Hilf(1976)之后被标准化,用于估计培养的小胶质细胞裂解物中的谷胱甘肽,但它也可以用于其它哺乳动物细胞裂解物。在我们的实验中,相同的方案已被用于估计小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞N2a的全细胞裂解物中的谷胱甘肽。

背景 该方法于1976年由Hissin和Hilf在分析生物化学方面出版(Hissin和Hilf,1976)。然而,有可用于准确检测GSH的方法;由于GSH容易氧化转化为GSSG,所以大多数方法给出过高的GSSG。 ...

A Reliable Assay to Evaluate the Virulence of Aspergillus nidulans Using the Alternative Animal Model Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella has emerged as an effective heterologous host to study fungal pathogenesis and the efficacy of promising antifungal drugs (Mylonakis et al., 2005; Li et al., 2013). Here, a methodology describing the Aspergillus nidulans infection in G. mellonella larvae, along with insect survival analysis, is reported. This protocol allowed the distinction between virulent A. nidulans strains (such as TNO2A3), which induced high larval mortality rates, to those in which gene deletion was accompanied by reduced pathogenicity such as ∆gcsA and ∆sdeA (Fernandes et al., 2016). [摘要]  作为一种有效的异源宿主,越来越多的蜡蛾已经出现了一种有效的异源宿主,用于研究真菌发病机制和有希望的抗真菌药物的功效(Mylonakis等人,2005; Li& et al。2013)。这里,描述了一种描述构巢曲霉感染的方法。 mellonella 幼虫与昆虫存活分析一起报道。该协议允许区分有毒的 A。造成高幼虫死亡率的构巢组织菌株(如TNO2A3)与基因缺失伴随着致病性降低的病例如ΔGCA和ΔSAA(Fernandes 等人,2016)。

背景 -G。 mellonella 是一种廉价的模型,易于处理,其先天免疫反应与哺乳动物免疫系统分享功能相似性。此外,感染真菌突变菌株的幼虫和小鼠表现出相似的存活率(Brennan等人,2002)。因此,幼虫构成了一种方便的动物宿主,用于在真菌发病机理分析中代替脊椎动物的使用。尽管昆虫模型具有所有优点,但只有少数报告显示了G中曲霉菌感染的作用。蜡螟。该协议描述了一种有效的方法,用于分析G中的构巢曲霉发病机制。 mellonella 幼虫。

Microglial Phagocytosis Assay
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Phagocytosis is essential for microglial clearance of apoptotic cells, extracellular protein aggregates, and infectious bacteria in the central nervous system (CNS). While the preparation of primary microglial culture has been described elsewhere, this protocol describes the microglial phagocytosis experimental procedure and the subsequent measurement of microglial phagocytic ability using fluorescent latex beads or fluorescent amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) peptides. [摘要]  吞噬作用对于中枢神经系统(CNS)中细胞凋亡细胞,细胞外蛋白质聚集体和感染性细菌的小胶质细胞清除至关重要。 虽然其他地方已经描述了原代小胶质细胞培养物的制备,但是该方案描述了小胶质细胞吞噬实验程序和随后使用荧光乳胶珠或荧光淀粉样蛋白β42(Aβ42)肽测量小胶质细胞吞噬能力。
【背景】小神经胶质细胞在中枢神经系统(CNS)中起多重作用。刺激后,小胶质细胞呈现复杂的炎症反应,包括改变的基因表达和形态变化(Heneka等,2014; Cunningham,2013)。细胞因子是通过活化的小胶质细胞改变的表达分子列表中的关键的蛋白质簇。通过在星形胶质细胞,神经元和其他脑细胞类型上表达的有效的信号传导能力的细胞因子受体,小胶质细胞传达,募集和协调炎性事件(Smith等,2012)。除了细胞因子分泌,吞噬细胞,其涉及小胶质细胞的形态学变化,也增加了他们作为CNS环境中环境稳态监护人的作用。病原体的小胶质细胞吞噬作用,细胞外蛋白质聚集体和凋亡细胞碎片抑制炎症和保护神经元(Fu et al。,2014)。除致病条件外,小神经胶质细胞吞噬也通过消除非功能性突触参与CNS发育和突触发生。缺乏或过量的小神经胶质细胞吞噬能力可导致突触连接异常和聚集蛋白沉积(Schafer et al。,2012; Lian et ...

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