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Parafilm

Parafilm M® All-Purpose Laboratory Film

Company: Bemis
Catalog#: PM992
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Ensifer-mediated Arabidopsis thaliana Root Transformation (E-ART): A Protocol to Analyse the Factors that Support Ensifer-mediated Transformation (EMT) of Plant Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-10-05
[Abstract]  Ensifer adhaerens OV14, a soil borne alpha-proteobacteria of the Rhizobiaceae family, fortifies the novel plant transformation technology platform termed ‘Ensifer-mediated transformation’ (EMT). EMT can stably transform both monocot and dicot species, and the host range of EMT is continuously expanding across a diverse range of crop species. In this protocol, we adapted a previously published account that describes the use of Arabidopsis thaliana roots to investigate the interaction of A. thaliana and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In our laboratory, we routinely use A. thaliana root explants to examine the factors that enhance the utility of EMT. In addition, the E-ART protocol can be used to study the transcriptional response of E. ... [摘要]  OV14;土壤传播的根瘤菌科的α-变形细菌强化了新型植物转化技术平台,称为“插入式”介导的转化(EMT)。 EMT可以稳定地转化单子叶植物和双子叶植物,并且EMT的宿主范围在不同范围的作物种类上不断扩大。在这个协议中,我们调整了一个以前发布的帐户,描述了使用拟南芥根系来研究 A的相互作用。 thaliana 和根癌土壤杆菌。在我们的实验室,我们通常使用 A。 thaliana 根外植体,以检查增强EMT效用的因素。此外,E-ART协议可用于研究E的转录反应。接种外植体组织后的寄主植物,宿主植物,不同的引物菌株/突变体的可变性以及测试A的易感性。作为破译支持EMT的机制的手段。【背景】推进“Ensifer”介导的转化(EMT)技术以成功地转化双子叶菊,即拟南芥,马铃薯Solanum tuberosum ,Nicotiana tabacum ,Manihot esculenta ,欧洲油菜和单子叶植物;之前曾报道过(Wendt等人,2012; Zuniga-Soto等人),2015; Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al。,2016; Rathore等人,2016)。另外,E的基因组分析。 (2014)发现,该细菌具有7.7Mb的基因组,其包含两条环状染色体(3.96Mb和2.01Mb)和两条质粒(1.61Mb和125Kb) )。 ...

Expression and Analysis of Flow-regulated Ion Channels in Xenopus Oocytes
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  Mechanically-gated ion channels play key roles in mechanotransduction, a process that translates physical forces into biological signals. Epithelial and endothelial cells are exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS), a tangential force exerted by flowing fluids against the wall of vessels and epithelia. The protocol outlined herein has been used to examine the response of ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes to LSS (Hoger et al., 2002; Carattino et al., 2004; Shi et al., 2006). The Xenopus oocyte is a reliable system that allows for the expression and chemical modification of ion channels and regulatory proteins (George et al., 1989; Palmer et al., 1990; Sheng et al., 2001; Carattino et al., 2003). ... [摘要]  机械门控离子通道在机械传导中起关键作用,这是将物理力量转化为生物信号的过程。 上皮细胞和内皮细胞暴露于层流剪切应力(LSS),这是通过流体流向血管壁和上皮细胞壁所施加的切向力。 本文概述的方案已用于检查在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中表达的离子通道对LSS的反应(Hoger等,2002; Carattino等,2004; Shi等,2006)。 非洲爪蟾卵母细胞是允许离子通道和调节蛋白的表达和化学修饰的可靠系统(George等,1989; Palmer等,1990; Sheng等,2001; Carattino等,2003)。 因此,该技术适用于研究允许流激活通道响应LSS的分子机制。
【背景】排列血管的泌尿道和内皮细胞的上皮细胞经受移动流体引起的机械力。这些力是层流剪切应力(LSS),与管状结构壁相切的摩擦力,以及垂直于流动方向的周向拉伸。令人信服的证据表明,LSS是响应肾和血管管状结构的流动变化而观察到的生理反应的主要决定因素(Satlin等,2001; Liu等,2003; Weinbaum等,2010) 。在这些设置中,离子通道具有将流体剪切应力传递到生物信号中的重要作用(Ranade等,2015)。例如,在肾的远端肾单位中,Na +再吸收和K ...

Single Molecule RNA FISH in Arabidopsis Root Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  Methods that allow the study of gene expression regulation are continually advancing. Here, we present an in situ hybridization protocol capable of detecting individual mRNA molecules in plant root cells, thus permitting the accurate quantification and localization of mRNA within fixed samples (Duncan et al., 2016; Rosa et al., 2016). This single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) uses multiple single-labelled oligonucleotide probes to bind target RNAs and generate diffraction-limited signals that can be detected using a wide-field fluorescence microscope. We adapted a recent version of this method that uses 48 fluorescently labeled DNA oligonucleotides (20 mers) to hybridize to different portions of each transcript (Raj et al ... [摘要]  允许研究基因表达调控的方法不断前进。在这里,我们提出了一种能够检测植物根细胞中单个mRNA分子的原位杂交方案,从而允许mRNA在固定样品内的准确定量和定位(Duncan等人, ,2016; Rosa等人,2016)。这种单分子RNA荧光原位杂交(smFISH)使用多个单标记寡核苷酸探针结合靶RNA并产生可以使用宽场荧光显微镜检测的衍射限制信号。我们调整了该方法的最新版本,该方法使用48个荧光标记的DNA寡核苷酸(20个)与每个转录物的不同部分杂交(Raj等人,2008)。这种方法简单易行,具有很好的应用于任何遗传背景的优点。

虽然已经开发了单分子FISH来定量测量培养细胞,组织切片和整体无脊椎动物生物体的单细胞水平的mRNA,但该方法未被优化用于植物中的单细胞。由于植物组织的内源性自发荧光,植物中的荧光成像是相当有挑战性的。在这里,我们报告一种检测植物中单RNA分子的方法。我们描述在固定的拟南芥根瘤胃细胞内的单一转录物的检测和自动计数。该方法产生隔离的单元和单细胞层,其与红色和远红色染料一起使用可以最大化限制背景噪声的信噪比。

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