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Author:
Date:
2013-12-05
[Abstract] Cells use glucose to generate energy by two different metabolic processes: lactic fermentation and aerobic respiration. In the first common series of reactions, glucose is converted into pyruvate. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is transformed into lactate, this process yields to 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is imported into mitochondria where it is used in the Krebs (or TCA) cycle and oxydative phosphorylation. The global process of oxydative phosphorylation yields to 32 ATP per glucose molecule. For reasons not fully understood, in some pathological cases like cancer, cells use anaerobic glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, in which case the process is called aerobic glycolysis (or Warburg effect). This results in an increased uptake ...
[摘要] 细胞使用葡萄糖通过两种不同的代谢过程产生能量：乳酸发酵和有氧呼吸。 在第一个常见的反应系列中，葡萄糖被转化为丙酮酸。 在厌氧条件下，丙酮酸转化为乳酸盐，该过程每个葡萄糖分子产生2个ATP分子。 在氧的存在下，丙酮酸进入线粒体，其用于Krebs（或TCA）循环和氧化磷酸化。 氧化磷酸化的全局过程产生每个葡萄糖分子32个ATP。 由于未完全理解的原因，在一些病理病例如癌症中，细胞即使在氧存在下也使用无氧糖酵解，在这种情况下，该过程称为有氧糖酵解（或沃伯格效应）。 这导致葡萄糖和乳酸盐产生的摄取增加。 细胞内ATP含量和乳酸盐浓度的测量可以提供有氧糖酵解的读出。
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