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Uracil

尿嘧啶

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: U0750
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Method for Multiplexing CRISPR/Cas9 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Artificial Target DNA Sequences
Author:
Date:
2017-09-20
[Abstract]  Genome manipulation has become more accessible given the advent of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) editing technology. The Cas9 endonuclease binds a single stranded (single guide) RNA (sgRNA) fragment that recruits the complex to a corresponding genomic target sequence where it induces a double stranded break. Eukaryotic repair systems allow for the introduction of exogenous DNA, repair of existing mutations, or deletion of endogenous gene products. Targeting of Cas9 to multiple genomic positions (termed ‘multiplexing’) is achieved by the expression of multiple sgRNAs within the same nucleus. However, an ongoing concern of the CRISPR field has been the accidental targeting of Cas9 to alternative (‘off-target’) DNA locations within a genome. We ... [摘要]  鉴于CRISPR(集群定期间隔短回归重复)编辑技术的出现,基因组操纵变得更加易于使用。 Cas9核酸内切酶将募集复合物的单链(单向导)RNA(sgRNA)片段结合到相应的基因组靶序列,引发双链断裂。真核修复系统允许引入外源DNA,修复现有突变或内源基因产物的缺失。通过在同一核内表达多个sgRNA来实现Cas9对多个基因组位置的定位(称为“多重”)。然而,CRISPR领域的持续关注是将Cas9意外地定位到基因组内的替代(“脱靶”)DNA位置。我们将安装的人造Cas9靶序列的使用(称为人造基因座上的Cas9复制)描述为允许(i)与单个sgRNA复用的酵母基因组中的用途; (ii)减少/消除可能的脱靶效应,以及(iii)精确控制预定目标序列的放置。
【背景】CRISPR(集群定期间隔回归重复)机制已经在原核生物中演变为具有很高精度编辑任何基因组的能力的原始适应性免疫系统(Jinek等,2012; Sorek等,2013)。这种生物技术需要使用来自化脓性链球菌(或othologous物种)的内切核酸酶(Cas9),单个RNA'引导'序列和外源供体DNA(如果需要)。仅在短短几年内,CRISPR / ...

A Reliable Assay to Evaluate the Virulence of Aspergillus nidulans Using the Alternative Animal Model Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella has emerged as an effective heterologous host to study fungal pathogenesis and the efficacy of promising antifungal drugs (Mylonakis et al., 2005; Li et al., 2013). Here, a methodology describing the Aspergillus nidulans infection in G. mellonella larvae, along with insect survival analysis, is reported. This protocol allowed the distinction between virulent A. nidulans strains (such as TNO2A3), which induced high larval mortality rates, to those in which gene deletion was accompanied by reduced pathogenicity such as ∆gcsA and ∆sdeA (Fernandes et al., 2016). [摘要]  作为一种有效的异源宿主,越来越多的蜡蛾已经出现了一种有效的异源宿主,用于研究真菌发病机制和有希望的抗真菌药物的功效(Mylonakis等人,2005; Li& et al。2013)。这里,描述了一种描述构巢曲霉感染的方法。 mellonella 幼虫与昆虫存活分析一起报道。该协议允许区分有毒的 A。造成高幼虫死亡率的构巢组织菌株(如TNO2A3)与基因缺失伴随着致病性降低的病例如ΔGCA和ΔSAA(Fernandes 等人,2016)。

背景 -G。 mellonella 是一种廉价的模型,易于处理,其先天免疫反应与哺乳动物免疫系统分享功能相似性。此外,感染真菌突变菌株的幼虫和小鼠表现出相似的存活率(Brennan等人,2002)。因此,幼虫构成了一种方便的动物宿主,用于在真菌发病机理分析中代替脊椎动物的使用。尽管昆虫模型具有所有优点,但只有少数报告显示了G中曲霉菌感染的作用。蜡螟。该协议描述了一种有效的方法,用于分析G中的构巢曲霉发病机制。 mellonella 幼虫。

Transport Assays in Aspergillus nidulans
Author:
Date:
2013-11-20
[Abstract]  Transport assays allow the direct kinetic analysis of a specific transporter by measuring apparent Km and Vmax values, and permit the characterization of substrate specificity profiles through competition assays. In this protocol, we describe a rapid and easy method for performing uptake assays in the model filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. These assays make use of A. nidulans germinating conidiospores, thus avoiding technical difficulties associated with the use of mycelia. The ease of construction genetic null mutants in this model fungus permits the rigorous characterization of any transporter in the absence of similar transporters with overlapping specificities, a common problem in relevant studies. [摘要]  运输测定允许通过测量表观上的最小值和最小值来测量特定转运蛋白的直接动力学分析,以及 允许通过竞争测定表征底物特异性谱。 在本协议中,我们描述了在模型丝状子囊菌实施吸收测定的快速和容易的方法 Aspergillus nidulans 。 这些测定利用了A。 构巢曲霉发芽分生孢子,从而避免与使用菌丝体相关的技术困难。 在该模型真菌中构建遗传无效突变体的容易性允许在不存在具有重叠特异性的类似转运蛋白的情况下严格表征任何转运蛋白,这是相关研究中的常见问题。

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