| Adhesion of Enteroaggregative E. coli Strains to HEK293 Cells
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract] Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a recognized cause of acute diarrhea among both children and adults worldwide. EAEC strains are characterized by the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF), which play a key role in pathogenesis by mediating attachment to the intestinal mucosa and by triggering host inflammatory responses. The aggregative adherence fimbria II (AAF/II) is the most important adherence factor of EAEC prototype strain 042 (EAEC042) to intestinal cells. Multiple receptors for AAF/II on epithelial cells have been identified including the transmembrane signaling mucin Muc1. This protocol describes a method to measure adherence of EAEC strains to HEK293 cells expressing the Muc1 glycoprotein.
[摘要] 肠道集聚性大肠杆菌(EAEC)是全球儿童和成人急性腹泻的公认原因。 EAEC菌株的特征在于存在聚集粘附菌毛(AAF),其通过介导与肠粘膜的附着和通过引发宿主炎症反应而在发病机制中起关键作用。 聚合粘附菌毛II(AAF / II)是EAEC原型菌株042(EAEC042)对肠细胞最重要的粘附因子。 已经鉴定了上皮细胞上AAF / II的多种受体,包括跨膜信号传导粘蛋白Muc1。 该协议描述了测量EAEC菌株对表达Muc1糖蛋白的HEK293细胞的依从性的方法。
【背景】EAEC是世界范围内地方性和流行性腹泻病的重要原因。尽管发展中国家儿童腹泻最常见,但EAEC还与免疫受损成人腹泻,旅行者和工业化国家的食源性疾病有关,例如由志贺毒素(Stx)2a型产生的大致致命爆发2011年在北欧的血清型O104:H4的EAEC菌株(Harrington等人,2006; Rasko等人,2011)。 EAEC发病机制由生物体粘附肠细胞,产生肠毒素和细胞毒素并最终诱导炎症的能力决定(Harrington等,2006)。 EAEC对肠细胞的依从性由AAF菌毛粘附素介导(Czeczulin等人,1997)。迄今为止,已经描述了至少5种AAF菌毛的变体,全部编码在范围为55至65MDa的毒力质粒中(Jonsson等人,2015)。 ...
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| Construction and Cloning of Minigenes for in vivo Analysis of Potential Splice Mutations
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Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract] Disease-associated mutations influencing mRNA splicing are referred to as splice mutations. The majority of splice mutations are found on exon-intron boundaries defining canonical donor and acceptor splice sites. However, mutations in the coding region (exonic mutations) can also affect mRNA splicing. Exact knowledge of the disease mechanism of splice mutations is essential for developing optimal treatment strategies. Given the large number of disease-associated mutations thus far identified, there is an unmet need for methods to systematically analyze the effects of pathogenic mutations on mRNA splicing. As splicing can vary between cell types, splice mutations need to be tested under native conditions if possible. A commonly used tool for the analysis of mRNA splicing is the ...
[摘要] 影响mRNA剪接的疾病相关突变称为剪接突变。大多数剪接突变位于确定典型供体和受体剪接位点的外显子 - 内含子边界上。然而,编码区中的突变(外显子突变)也可影响mRNA剪接。准确了解剪接突变的疾病机制对于开发最佳治疗策略至关重要。鉴于迄今为止鉴定的大量疾病相关突变,尚未满足对系统分析致病突变对mRNA剪接的影响的方法的需求。由于不同细胞类型之间的拼接可能不同,如果可能的话,拼接突变需要在天然条件下进行测试。一种常用的分析mRNA剪接的工具是携带外显子和内含子序列的小基因的构建。在这里,我们描述了设计和克隆到重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体中用于基因递送和在本地环境中调查mRNA剪接的方案。该协议是为了基于小基因的视网膜细胞中mRNA剪接分析而开发的,但是原则上它适用于任何可以用rAAV载体转导的细胞类型。
【背景】预计大部分疾病相关突变(至少15%)会导致异常的mRNA剪接(Cartegni等,2002; Singh和Cooper,2012; Sterne-Weiler和Sanford,2014年)。 '经典'剪接突变是影响定义5'和3'剪接位点(分别为供体和受体剪接位点)的规范序列的突变。然而,剪接突变也可能发生在其他非编码区和编码区(Wang和Cooper,2007; ...
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| Transient Transfection-based Fusion Assay for Viral Proteins
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Author:
Date:
2017-03-05
[Abstract] Membrane fusion is vital for entry of enveloped viruses into host cells as well as for direct viral cell-to-cell spread. To understand the fusion mechanism in more detail, we use an infection free system whereby fusion can be induced by a minimal set of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoproteins gB, gH and gL. Here, we describe an optimized protocol of a transient transfection based fusion assay to quantify cell-cell fusion induced by the PrV glycoproteins.
[摘要] 膜融合对于将包膜病毒进入宿主细胞以及直接病毒细胞到细胞传播至关重要。为了更好地了解融合机制,我们使用无感染系统,可以通过最小的α疱疹病毒伪狂犬病病毒(PrV)糖蛋白gB,gH和gL诱导融合。在这里,我们描述了基于瞬时转染的融合测定的优化方案,以定量由PrV糖蛋白诱导的细胞 - 细胞融合。
背景 膜融合对于包膜病毒的进入和扩散至关重要。许多包膜病毒只需要一种或两种病毒蛋白来介导宿主细胞的附着和膜融合,分子机制也被很好地理解(Harrison,2015)。相比之下,疱疹病毒使用需要受体结合蛋白的更复杂的机制和由gB和异二聚体gH / gL复合物组成的核心融合机构用于感染性进入。导致疱疹病毒包膜与细胞膜融合的机制尚不完全清楚。疱疹病毒进入和传播的分子基础的详细知识对于针对各种疾病的有效对策是重要的。通过研究瞬时表达相关蛋白质的细胞的细胞融合活性来帮助更好的理解。已经开发了不同的模型系统,其中在不存在感染的情况下,开发了由糖蛋白gB和gH / gL和受体结合gD表示的最小的核心融合机制的融合,例如,对于1型单纯疱疹病毒和2(HSV-1和2 [Turner等人,1998; Muggeridge,2000; ...
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