| Preparation of the Partially Methylated Alditol Acetates Derived from CS Tetrasaccharides Containing Galactose for the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Author:
Date:
2017-11-05
[Abstract] Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a member of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of carbohydrates, is composed of linear, sulfated repeating disaccharide sequences of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and glucuronic acid (GlcA). Recently, a keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide [GlcNAc6S(β1-3)Galactose(β1-]-branched CS-E was identified from the clam species M. chinensis. This protocol details a methodology to analyze the glycosidic linkages of galactose in KS disaccharide-branched CS by GC-MS analysis. A complementary method for the identification and characterization of KS-branched CS in M. chinensis can be found in Higashi et al. (2016).
[摘要] 硫酸软骨素（CS）是碳水化合物的糖胺聚糖（GAG）家族的成员，由N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺（ GalNAc）和葡萄糖醛酸（GlcA）。 最近，从中华蛤中鉴定出硫酸角质素（KS）二糖[GlcNAc6S（β1-3）半乳糖（β1-） - 支化的CS-E。该方案详细描述了分析方法 通过GC-MS分析在KS二糖 - 分枝CS中的半乳糖的糖苷键。可以在Higashi等人中找到用于鉴定和表征KS-分枝CS的互补方法 （2016）。
【背景】已经显示来自多糖的部分甲基化糖醇乙酸酯（PMAA）的反应产物的气相色谱/质谱（GC-MS）分析代表了研究糖苷键的有力工具。 M的PMAAs准备。 在该方案中，根据Anumula和Tayler（1992）的方法进行小的修改。
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| FICZ Exposure and Viral Infection in Mice
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Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract] The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is known as a sensor for dioxins that mediates their toxicity, and also has important biophysiological roles such as circadian rhythms, cell differentiation and immune responses. 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), which is derived through the metabolism of L-tryptophan by ultraviolet B irradiation, is one of putative physiological ligands for AHR (Smirnova et al., 2016). It has recently been shown that endogenously-activated AHR signaling modulates innate immune response during viral infection (Yamada et al., 2016). This section describes how to treat mice with FICZ and to infect them with virus.
[摘要] 芳烃受体（AHR）被称为二恶英介导其毒性的传感器，也具有重要的生物生理学作用，如昼夜节律，细胞分化和免疫应答。通过紫外线B照射通过L-色氨酸的代谢衍生的6-甲酰基吲哚（3,2-b）咔唑（FICZ）是AHR的推定生理配体之一（Smirnova等人）。 ，2016）。最近已经显示内源性激活的AHR信号调节病毒感染期间的先天免疫应答（Yamada等人，2016）。本节介绍如何用FICZ治疗小鼠并用病毒感染。
背景 迄今为止，AHR的作用主要是在二恶英治疗实验的基础上进行了调查。另一方面，已经显示AHR介导的信号传导是由内源色氨酸代谢物（FICZ，Kynurenine，等等），血红素代谢物（胆红素等）激活的。 ，和类二十烷酸（Lipoxin A等）。特别地，已经证明FICZ是AHR的生理高亲和力配体，许多积累的报道显示FICZ参与各种基本生物学过程，包括对紫外线的适应性反应，免疫应答，基因组不稳定性和干细胞的体内平衡。最近，Yamada等人。 （2016）证明其在先天免疫应答中的作用：体内FICZ治疗抑制响应于病毒感染的I型干扰素（IFN）产生并促进小鼠血清中病毒滴度的水平。
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| Root-knot Nematode Penetration and Sclareol Nematicidal Activity Assays
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Author:
Date:
2016-06-20
[Abstract] Plant parasitic nematodes parasitize roots and/or stems of various plants thereby inhibiting absorption of nutrients and moisture. In particular, root-knot nematodes (RKN) are a group of the most devastating pests. Various techniques, such as soil sterilization, cultivation of resistant crops, and chemical application, have been developed to control damage caused by RKN. Among these techniques, diminish by chemicals that induce or activate host defense to RKN is an attractive method because of its potential to reduce the environmental burden caused by crop protection. Sclareol, a diterpene, was identified as a chemical that induces resistance to RKN (Fujimoto et al., 2015). Here we provide a protocol for assessing the impact of sclareol on the penetration of RKNs into tomato and Arabidopsis ...
[摘要] 植物寄生线虫寄生于各种植物的根和/或茎，从而抑制营养物和水分的吸收。 特别地，根结线虫（RKN）是最具破坏性的害虫的组。 已经开发了各种技术，例如土壤灭菌，抗性作物的栽培和化学施用，以控制由RKN引起的损害。 在这些技术中，诱导或激活RKN的宿主防御的化学物质的减少是有吸引力的方法，因为其具有减少作物保护所引起的环境负担的潜力。 Sclareol，一种二萜，被鉴定为诱导对RKN的抗性的化学物质（Fujimoto等人，2015）。 在这里我们提供了评估香紫苏醇对RKNs对番茄和拟南芥根的渗透以及化学物对线虫的直接杀线虫影响的影响的方案。 该方案可用于其它线虫抗性诱导化学品。
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