| Induction of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in MDCK II Cells
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract] Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process of epithelial cell transdifferentiation into a mesenchymal cell, that enables initiation of cell migration. EMT plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue repair and cancer metastasis. Better understanding of cellular and molecular events during EMT will not only provide novel insights on how mammalian organism develops and how epithelial tissues regenerate, but also can identify novel therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Here we aim to provide a detailed protocol on how to induce EMT in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) II epithelial cell line and perform immunofluorescent staining on EMT-induced cells.
[摘要] [摘要]上皮-间质转化（EMT）是上皮细胞向分化为间充质细胞的可逆过程，能够启动细胞迁移。EMT在胚胎发育，组织修复和癌症转移中起着重要作用。更好地了解EMT过程中的细胞和分子事件，不仅将为哺乳动物生物的发育以及上皮组织的再生提供新颖的见解，而且还可为癌症治疗确定新的治疗靶标。在这里，我们旨在提供有关如何在Madin-Darby犬肾脏（MDCK）II上皮细胞系中诱导EMT并在EMT诱导的细胞上进行免疫荧光染色的详细协议。
[背景]上皮细胞的特征在于细胞可塑性，即具有采用不同细胞表型的能力（Carter等，2019； Yuan等，2019）。上皮-间质转化（EMT）是上皮细胞可塑性的一种形式。在EMT期间，上皮细胞会破坏细胞间连接，使其极性失去作用，并从鳞状，长方体或柱状变为梭形并迁移，从而获得间充质细胞的特性（Kalluri和Weinberg，2009）。EMT可以通过免疫染色和测量标志物（例如E-钙粘蛋白，ZO-1，波形蛋白，纤连蛋白和N-钙粘蛋白）的表达水平进行评估（Kalluri和Weinberg，2009）。在过去十年中在EMT研究中心大多的转录因子的作用例如，SNAIL1 / 2，ZEB1 / ...
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| Adhesion and Invasion Assay Procedure Using Caco-2 Cells for Listeria monocytogenes
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Author:
Date:
2017-05-05
[Abstract] Listeria monocytogenes is an important Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is a particular problem in ready-to-eat food. It has an ability to survive in harsh conditions like refrigeration temperatures and high salt concentrations and is known to cross intestinal, placental and blood-brain barriers. Several cancerous cell lines like cervical, liver, dendritic, intestinal and macrophages have been used to study in vitro propagation and survival of listeria in human cells. Human intestinal epithelial cells have been used to study how listeria crosses the intestinal barrier and cause infection. The protocol in this articles describes the procedures to grow Caco-2 cells, maintain cells and use them for adhesion and invasion assays. During adhesion assay the cells are ...
[摘要] 单核细胞增生利斯特氏菌是一种重要的革兰氏阳性食源性病原体，是即食食品中的一个特殊问题。它具有在诸如制冷温度和高盐浓度的恶劣条件下生存的能力，并且已知可以穿过肠，胎盘和血脑屏障。已经使用了诸如子宫颈，肝脏，树突状细胞，肠和巨噬细胞的几种癌细胞系来研究人细胞中李斯特菌的体外扩增和存活。人肠上皮细胞已被用于研究李斯特菌如何穿过肠屏障并引起感染。本文中的方案描述了生长Caco-2细胞的过程，维持细胞并将其用于粘附和侵袭测定。在粘附测定期间，将细胞与李斯特菌孵育30分钟，但是在侵袭测定中，细胞生长在感染后的几个时间点被停止以监测细胞中李斯特菌的生长和存活率。
背景 ...
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| Fluorescence Microscopy Analysis of Drug Effect on Autophagosome Formation
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Author:
Date:
2014-04-05
[Abstract] The autophagy protein, LC3 represents a reliable characteristic marker for autophagosomal structures. The initial LC3 is processed by the cysteine protease autophagy-related gene 4 (Atg4) at its C terminus in order to create LC3-I generally localized in the cytoplasm. Afterwards LC3-I is conjugated with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to become LC3-PE or LC3-II predominantly localised on the autophagosomal membranes (outer and inner). Autolysosomal content of LC3-II is very low as upon autophago/lysosomal fusion it is either cleaved off from the outer membrane by Atg4 or degraded together with the inner membrane by the lysosomal activity. Therefore GFP-LC3 and mCherry-GFP-LC3 might be visualized by conventional or confocal fluorescence microscopy (FM). In this situation mCherry-GFP-LC3 or ...
[摘要] 自噬蛋白，LC3代表自噬体结构的可靠特征标记。最初的LC3由半胱氨酸蛋白酶自噬相关基因4（Atg4）在其C末端处理，以产生通常位于细胞质中的LC3-I。之后LC3-I与磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）缀合以变成主要定位在自噬体膜（外部和内部）上的LC3-PE或LC3-II。 LC3-II的自溶酶体内含物非常低，因为在自噬/溶酶体融合时，其被Atg4从外膜切割或与内膜一起通过溶酶体活性降解。因此，GFP-LC3和mCherry-GFP-LC3可能通过常规或共聚焦荧光显微镜（FM）可视化。在这种情况下，mCherry-GFP-LC3或GFP-LC3细胞质池被可视化为均匀分散的信号，并且含有mCherry-GFP-LC3-II或GFP-LC3-II的自噬体被检测为点状形成。斑点数可以用作自噬体丰度的标志物。一般来说，我们建议计数每个细胞的GFP-LC3斑点的平均数。
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