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ATP, 100 mM Solution

ATP溶液(100mM)

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: R0441
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A Highly Sensitive Anion Exchange Chromatography Method for Measuring cGAS Activity in vitro
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that senses double stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytosol and this leads to the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) via the secondary messenger 2’3’-cyclic GMP-AMP (2’3’-cGAMP). STING then recruits TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK-1) and this complex can phosphorylate and activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) leading to the induction of type I interferons and other antiviral genes. The cGAS:DNA complex catalyzes the synthesis of 2’3’-cGAMP and the purpose of the protocol presented here is to measure the in vitro activity of purified cGAS in the presence of dsDNA. The protocol was developed to elucidate the relationship between dsDNA length and the level of cGAS activity. The method involves an in ... [摘要]  环状GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS)是一种模式识别受体(PRR),可以感知胞质溶胶中的双链DNA(dsDNA),并通过第二信使2'3'来激活干扰素基因刺激物(STING)。环GMP-AMP(2'3'-cGAMP)。然后STING募集TANK结合激酶1(TBK-1),该复合物可磷酸化并激活干扰素调节因子3(IRF3),导致I型干扰素和其他抗病毒基因的诱导。 cGAS:DNA复合物催化2'3'-cGAMP的合成,这里提出的方案的目的是测量在dsDNA存在下纯化的cGAS的体外>活性。开发该方案是为了阐明dsDNA长度与cGAS活性水平之间的关系。该方法涉及与低浓度cGAS和dsDNA的体外>反应,然后使用阴离子交换色谱法定量反应产物。当比较不同DNA片段激活cGAS的能力时,低浓度的cGAS和dsDNA以及该测定的高灵敏度是关键优势。

【背景】细胞胞质内存在双链DNA是DNA或逆转录病毒感染的潜在迹象。核苷酸转移酶cGAS作为感知细胞溶质dsDNA的模式识别受体起作用。 cGAS被dsDNA变构激活并催化ATP和GTP转化为环状二核苷酸2'3'-cGAMP(或简称cGAMP)(Ablasser et al。>,2013; Civril et al 。>,2013; Diner et al。>,2013; Gao et al。>,2013; ...

HCV Reporter System (Viral Infection-Activated Split-Intein-Mediated Reporter System) for Testing Virus Cell-to-cell Transmission ex-vivo
Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) spread involves two distinct entry pathways: cell-free transmission and cell-to-cell transmission. Cell-to-cell transmission is not only an efficient way for viruses to spread but also an effective method for escaping neutralizing antibodies. We adapted the viral infection-activated split-intein-mediated reporter system (VISI) and developed a straightforward model for Live-cell monitoring of HCV cell-to-cell transmission ex-vivo: co-culture of HCV infected donor cells (red signal) with uninfected recipient cells (green signal) and elimination of the cell-free transmission by adding potent neutralizing antibody AR3A in the supernatant. With this model, the efficiency of cell-to-cell transmission can be evaluated by counting the number of foci designated by ... [摘要]  丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)传播涉及两种不同的进入途径:无细胞传播和细胞间传播。 细胞间传播不仅是病毒传播的有效方式,也是逃避中和抗体的有效方法。 我们采用了病毒感染激活的分裂 - 内含肽介导的报告系统(VISI),并开发了一种直接模型,用于活细胞监测HCV细胞间传递离体:共培养 HCV感染的供体细胞(红色信号)与未感染的受体细胞(绿色信号)和通过在上清液中加入有效的中和抗体AR3A消除无细胞的传递。 利用该模型,可以通过计数受体细胞的绿色信号指定的病灶数来评估细胞间传递的效率。

【背景】越来越多的证据证明病毒可以在受感染的组织中使用不同的传播途径(Sattentau,2008; Zhong et al。,2013)。对于HCV传播,无细胞传播和细胞间传播均可介导肝细胞之间的病毒转移。虽然无细胞传播引发HCV感染,但认为细胞 - 细胞传递直接将HCV转移至相邻的肝细胞。它提供了抵抗中和抗体并有助于病毒持久性的极好方法(Brimacombe et al。,2011; Xiao et al。,2014)。之前的文章也证明了一些促进细胞传递的宿主因子,如清道夫受体BI(SR-BI),CD81,紧密连接蛋白claudin-1(CLDN1),Occludin(OCLN),表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。 (Witteveldt et al。,2009; ...

Tethered Chromosome Conformation Capture Sequencing in Triticeae: A Valuable Tool for Genome Assembly
Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) is a powerful method to comprehensively interrogate the three-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus. The development of Hi-C can be traced back to successive increases in the resolution and throughput of chromosome conformation capture (3C) (Dekker et al., 2002). The basic workflow of 3C consists of (i) fixation of intact chromatin, usually by formaldehyde, (ii) cutting the fixed chromatin with a restriction enzyme, (iii) religation of sticky ends under diluted conditions to favor ligations between cross-linked fragments or those between random fragments and (iv) quantifying the number of ligations events between pairs of genomic loci (de Wit and de Laat, 2012). In the original 3C protocol, ligation frequency was ... [摘要]  染色体构象捕获测序(Hi-C)是一种全面询问细胞核中染色质三维定位的有效方法。 Hi-C的发展可以追溯到染色体构象捕获的分辨率和通量的连续增加(3C)(Dekker et al。,2002)。 3C的基本工作流程包括(i)通常用甲醛固定完整的染色质,(ii)用限制酶切割固定的染色质,(iii)在稀释条件下重新连接粘性末端,以促进交联片段之间的连接或随机片段之间的那些和(iv)量化基因组基因座对之间的连接事件的数量(de Wit和de Laat,2012)。在最初的3C方案中,通过半定量PCR扩增对应于少量基因组位点(“一对一”)的选定连接接头来测量连接频率(Dekker et al。,2002 )。然后,染色体构象捕获芯片(4C)和染色体构象捕获碳复制(5C)技术扩展3C以分别以“一对多”或“多对多”方式计算结扎事件。 Hi-C(Lieberman-Aiden et al。,2009)最终将3C与下一代测序相结合(Metzker,2010)。此处,在再连接之前,用生物素标记的核苷酸类似物填充粘性末端以在后续步骤中富集具有连接连接的片段。然后对Hi-C文库进行高通量测序,并将得到的读数映射到参考基因组,允许以“多对多”方式确定接触概率,其分辨率仅受限制性位点的分布限制和阅读深度。 Hi-C的首次应用是阐明人类基因组中的全球染色质折叠原理(Lieberman-Aiden et ...

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