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L-Proline, C5H9NO2

L-脯氨酸

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P5607
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Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of the Elite–Indica Rice Variety Komboka
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. As a result, numerous transformation methods have been developed for both indica and japonica rice. Since breeders continuously develop new rice varieties, transformation protocols have to be adapted for each new variety. Here we provide an optimized transformation protocol with detailed tips and tricks for a new African variety Komboka using immature embryos. In Komboka, we obtained an apparent transformation rate of up to 48% for GUS/GFP reporter gene constructs using this optimized protocol. This ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 遗传转化对于研究基因功能和农作物工程引入新性状均至关重要。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是植物研究中的重要模型,因为它是世界一半以上人口的主食。其结果是,大量的转化方法已经开发了两个籼稻和粳稻米。由于育种者不断开发新的水稻品种,因此必须针对每个新品种适应转化方案。在这里,我们为使用未成熟胚的非洲新品种Komboka 提供了一种优化的转化协议,包括详细的技巧和窍门。在Komboka中,我们使用此优化方案对GUS / GFP报告基因构建体的表观转化率高达48%。该协议也适用于其他优质lite 稻品种。


[背景 ] 为植物的遗传转化的各种方法公顷一直在开发,例如穿孔(Shimamoto PEG介导的原生质体转染。等人,1989;达塔。等人,1992),生物射弹转化(Christou的等人,1991)和农杆菌-介导的转化(Slamet-Loedin 等,2014)。农杆菌介导的转化是将DNA引入植物的最广泛使用的方法之一(van Wordragen and Dons,1992)。该方法已被广泛用于研究,并已成为生物技术的关键先决条件。自从开发新的育种技术(如基因组编辑)以来,它就变得越来越重要(Char ...

In vitro Chondrogenic Hypertrophy Induction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract]  To investigate underlying mechanism of chondrogenic hypertrophy, we need proper in vitro hypertrophic model of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This protocol describes our defined method for induction of in vitro chondrogenic hypertrophy of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs). By adding thyroid hormone (T3; triiodothyronine) and minimum osteogenic-inducing factors to culture medium, we could induce hypertrophy of hUCB-MSCs in vitro. Hypertrophic induction was validated using immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. [摘要]  为了研究软骨形成性肥大的基础机制,我们需要适当的体外间充质干细胞(MSC)的增生模型。该协议描述了我们定义的诱导人脐带血衍生的MSC(hUCB-MSC)的体外软骨形成性肥大的方法。通过将甲状腺激素(T3;三碘甲状腺原氨酸)和最小成骨诱导因子添加到培养基中,我们可以在体外诱导hUCB-MSCs的增生。使用免疫组织化学分析,Western印迹和逆转录酶聚合酶链反应验证肥大性诱导。
关键词:间充质干细胞,体外软骨形成性肥大,成软骨分化,三碘甲腺原氨酸;

[背景] ...

Halo Assay for Toxic Peptides and Other Compounds in Microorganisms
Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract]  We describe an assay for determination of toxicity in S. cerevisiae involving spotting of a toxic peptide on a lawn of yeast cells. This assay may be generalized to determine toxicity of a variety of compounds by substituting a putative toxic compound in place of the peptide. The general protocol may also be used to determine toxicity of any small compound toward another microorganism by replacing S. cerevisiae with the target microbe and modifying growth conditions accordingly. [摘要]  我们描述了用于测定S中的毒性的测定法。酿酒酵母包括在酵母细胞的菌苔上发现毒性肽。该测定法可以概括为通过用推定的毒性化合物代替肽来测定多种化合物的毒性。一般方案还可以用于通过替换S来确定任何小的化合物对另一种微生物的毒性。酿酒酵母与目标微生物并相应地改变生长条件。

[背景] 二肽/三肽是所有生物体氮,碳和氨基酸的主要来源之一。含有毒性氨基酸残基的合成肽提供了测定酿酒酵母中肽转运和/或利用的实验方法。通过细胞内肽酶或蛋白酶水解内化肽释放毒性残留物,导致在培养皿中铺板的细胞培养板上生长停滞的容易检测的区域(晕轮)。例如,在细胞内水解时,毒性肽Ala-Eth释放乙硫氨酸(Eth),甲硫氨酸拮抗剂干扰氨基酸掺入蛋白质中以及DNA和其它甲基化途径的正常甲基化,从而导致细胞死亡。当点样到酵母细胞的草坪上时,转运的二肽Ala-Eth将抑制生长,并且在含有Eth的有毒肽被点样的区域周围的细胞的细胞壁中形成清晰的"晕"(图1A)。本文描述的用于测定肽中毒性的测定。 (1)可以通过简单地使用推定的有毒化合物代替含有毒性氨基酸的肽来修饰以确定任何底物的毒性,或者(2)其可以被修饰以通过替换S来确定底物对任何微生物的毒性。酿酒酵母在用靶生物的测定中。它是一种简单,廉价和相对快速的方法,用于确定针对特定生物体和所测定的毒性部分修改的底物毒性。

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