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Water-bath sonicator

超声波

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: FS20
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Preparation of Purified Gram-positive Bacterial Cell Wall and Detection in Placenta and Fetal Tissues
Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract]  Cell wall is a complex biopolymer on the surface of all Gram-positive bacteria. During infection, cell wall is recognized by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 causing intense inflammation and tissue damage. In animal models, cell wall traffics from the blood stream to many organs in the body, including brain, heart, placenta and fetus. This protocol describes how to prepare purified cell wall from Streptococcus pneumoniae, detect its distribution in animal tissues, and study the tissue response using the placenta and fetal brain as examples. [摘要]  细胞壁是所有革兰氏阳性菌表面上的复杂生物聚合物。在感染期间,细胞壁被先天免疫受体Toll样受体2识别,引起强烈的炎症和组织损伤。在动物模型中,从血流到体内许多器官(包括脑,心脏,胎盘和胎儿)的细胞壁运输。该协议描述了如何从肺炎链球菌制备纯化的细胞壁,检测其在动物组织中的分布,并且使用胎盘和胎脑作为实例研究组织反应。
关键词: 细胞壁,肽聚糖,细菌炎症,神经增殖,胎儿神经发生,胎盘运输,Toll样受体2配体,肺炎链球菌

/strong>宿主对感染的反应涉及许多细菌组分的识别,包括细胞壁(CW),一种形成所有革兰氏阳性细菌表面的复合大分子。革兰氏阳性细菌的CW由肽聚糖和磷壁酸的共价网络形成。肺炎链球菌是肺炎,败血症和脑膜炎的主要原因,已经成为研究对包括CW在内的革兰氏阳性细菌感染的先天免疫反应的重要模式生物体。  当肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)感染时,CW成分在生长期或抗生素诱导的死亡期间从细菌释放,它在血流中循环并穿过细胞屏障,包括胎盘和血脑屏障。 CW组分具有等于或大于完整细菌的炎性活性(Tuomanen等人,1985a和1985b)。 ...

Isolation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities from Soil
Author:
Date:
2015-08-20
[Abstract]  Rhizosphere bacterial communities have become a major focal point of research in recent years, especially regarding how they affect plants and vice versa (Philippot et al., 2013). Changes in microbial density and diversity within the rhizosphere occur in a spatial temporal manner. The soil zone closest to the plant roots has the most density and diversity of microbes (Clark, 1940). The lack of methods to consistently isolate rhizosphere samples in a spatially defined manner is a major bottleneck in rhizosphere microbiology. We hypothesized that microbes with increasing affinities to and distance from the plant root can be isolated using increasing strengths of physical disruption. Sonication is an excellent choice due to the ability to gently remove rhizosphere soil and ... [摘要]  根际细菌群落已成为近年来研究的主要焦点,特别是关于它们如何影响植物或反之亦然(Philippot等人,2013)。根际微生物密度和多样性的变化以空间时间方式发生。最接近植物根部的土壤区具有最密集和多样性的微生物(Clark,1940)。缺乏以空间定义的方式一致地分离根际样品的方法是根际微生物学的主要瓶颈。我们假设可以使用增加的物理破坏的强度来分离具有对植物根部的亲和力和距植物根部的距离增加的微生物。超声是一个很好的选择,因为能够轻轻地去除根际土壤和细菌生物膜而不损害植物根(Doi T等人,2007; Bulgarelli等人,2012年; Lundberg等人,2012)。此外,简单地增加超声处理的时间可以增加物理力的量。我们使用这样的方法来一致地分离对大豆根具有不同亲和力的微生物群落(White等人,2014)。本文介绍了使用连续超声处理来隔离远端,中间和近端土壤与大豆根部的根际。

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