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Neutral Red Solution (0.33%)

中性红溶液(0.33%)

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: N2889
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Analysis of the Effect of Sphingomyelinase on Rubella Virus Infectivity in Two Cell Lines
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Rubella is a mildly contagious disease characterized by low-grade fever and a morbilliform rash caused by the rubella virus (RuV). Viruses often use cellular phospholipids for infection. We studied the roles of cellular sphingomyelin in RuV infection. Treatment of cells with sphingomyelinase (SMase) inhibited RuV infection in rabbit kidney-derived RK13 cells and African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney-derived Vero cells. Our data further demonstrated that RuV used cellular sphingomyelin and cholesterol for its binding to cells and membrane fusion at the step of virus entry. Detailed protocols of our assays, which assess the effects of SMase treatment on RuV infectivity in RK13 and Vero cells, are described. [摘要]  风疹是一种轻度传染性疾病,其特征是低风热和由风疹病毒(RuV)引起的麻疹样皮疹。 病毒通常使用细胞磷脂进行感染。 我们研究了细胞鞘磷脂在RuV感染中的作用。 用鞘磷脂酶(SMase)处理细胞抑制兔肾衍生的RK13细胞和非洲绿猴( Cercopithecus aethiops )肾源性Vero细胞中的RuV感染。 我们的数据进一步证明RuV在病毒进入的步骤中使用细胞鞘磷脂和胆固醇来结合细胞和膜融合。 描述了我们的测定的详细方案,其评估了SMase处理对RK13和Vero细胞中RuV感染性的影响。

【背景】风疹病毒(RuV)是一种正链RNA病毒,属于 Togaviridae 家族中的 Rubivirus 属。该家族有两个属, Rubivirus 和 Alphavirus 。风疹病毒是属的鞋底构件的风疹病毒,而许多病毒,例如塞姆利基森林病毒(SFV)和辛德毕斯病毒(SINV),是归类于甲病毒属。 RuV是风疹和先天性风疹综合征(CRS)的致病因子。风疹的特征是低烧,麻疹样皮疹和淋巴结肿大。它通常是一种轻微的疾病。然而,CRS是一种严重的疾病。 CRS导致在怀孕早期患有风疹的母亲所生的新生儿出现多器官缺陷。白内障,感音神经性听力损失和心血管缺陷在CRS中很常见。

以前的研究表明,细胞膜脂质作为RuV感染的结合或进入因子(Mastromarino ...

Neutral Red Assay for Murine Norovirus Replication and Detection in a Mouse
Author:
Date:
2013-04-05
[Abstract]  Neutral red (NR) is a dye that must be actively imported into the cell, and, therefore, the dye has been used for decades to selectively stain living cells. In addition, NR can also be incorporated into virus particles, although the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. Once encapsulated into the virion, NR, a light sensitive dye, can be photoactivated to inactivate the virus. The proposed mechanism explaining this observation is that activation of NR allows the dye to cross-link viral genome to viral capsid and thus preventing viral uncoating and infection. To study the early events of murine norovirus (MNV)-host interaction, light-sensitive NR-containing MNV is used to distinguish between input virus (i.e., NR-containing virus) and replicated virus (i.e., ... [摘要]  中性红(NR)是必须主动导入细胞的染料,因此,染料已经使用数十年来选择性地染色活细胞。此外,NR也可以被并入病毒颗粒中,虽然其背后的机制知之甚少。一旦包封入病毒粒子中,NR(一种光敏染料)可以被光活化以使病毒失活。解释这种观察的提出的机制是NR的活化允许染料将病毒基因组交联病毒衣壳,从而防止病毒脱壳和感染。为了研究鼠诺如病毒(MNV) - 宿主相互作用的早期事件,使用光敏感的含NR的MNV来区分输入病毒(即含有NR的病毒)和复制的病毒( >即,无NR的病毒)。该方案描述了将NR掺入MNV衣壳中以及这些病毒颗粒用于通过标准噬菌斑测定在小鼠和组织培养物中检测病毒复制的用途。相同的技术也用于研究脊髓灰质炎病毒复制(1-3)。因此,存在该技术可用于另外的非包膜病毒的潜力。然而,这必须在逐案基础上进行测试,因为关于猫杯状病毒的未公开数据表明不是所有的病毒都能够将NR稳定地掺入其衣壳中(J.Parker,personal communication)。

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