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Pipettes

GILSON PIPETTE PIPETMAN CLASSIC P100 20-100UL

Company: Gilson
Catalog#: F123615
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Microtubule Seeded-assembly in the Presence of Poorly Nucleating Nucleotide Analogues
Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract]  Microtubule dynamic instability is driven by the hydrolysis of the GTP bound to the β-subunit of the α-β tubulin heterodimer. Nucleotide analogues are commonly used to mimic the different steps of the tubulin GTPase cycle, but most of them are poor microtubule nucleators. Usually, microtubule assembly is seeded by guanylyl-(α, β)-methylene-diphosphonate (GMPCPP) or glycerol that can be limiting factors in monitoring the effect of other nucleotide analogs on their polymerization. Here, we describe a protocol that allows the assembly of microtubules in the presence of nucleotide analogues without the need of heterogeneous seeds and at a low final glycerol concentration. Microtubules are first assembled in the presence of the analogue of interest and glycerol to promote assembly. These ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 微管动态不稳定性是由与α - β 微管蛋白异二聚体的β- 亚基结合的GTP水解驱动的。核苷酸类似物通常用于模拟微管蛋白GTPase循环的不同步骤,但其中大多数是不良的微管成核剂。通常,微管组装是通过胍基-(α ,β )-亚甲基-二膦酸酯(GMPCPP)或甘油来接种的,它们可能是限制其他核苷酸类似物对其聚合作用的监测因素。 在这里,我们描述了一种协议,该协议允许在核苷酸类似物存在的情况下组装微管,而无需异质种子,并且最终甘油浓度低。首先在感兴趣的类似物和甘油的存在下组装微管以促进组装。然后对这些微管进行超声处理,以产生种子,这些种子将在不存在甘油的情况下用于组装微管。这种策略产生了均质的核苷酸结合的微管,可以通过生化或结构方法(如冷冻电子显微镜)进一步分析。

[背景 ] 核苷酸类似物通常用于研究的构象变化,该α - β 微管组装和水解绑定到其可交换的(E)的网站上的GTP的期间微管蛋白异源二聚体经历。但是,除GMPCPP以外,大多数类似物都是微管成核剂。为克服这一困难,GMPCPP稳定化的种子通常用于存在其他类似物的情况下延长微管(Maurer 等人,2011和2014; Zhang ...

Superresolution Microscopy of Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscle Sarcomeres
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Sarcomeres are extremely highly ordered macromolecular assemblies where proper structural organization is an absolute prerequisite to the functionality of these contractile units. Despite the wealth of information collected, the exact spatial arrangement of many of the H-zone and Z-disk proteins remained unknown. Recently, we developed a powerful nanoscopic approach to localize the sarcomeric protein components with a resolution well below the diffraction limit. The ease of sample preparation and the near crystalline structure of the Drosophila flight muscle sarcomeres make them ideally suitable for single molecule localization microscopy and structure averaging. Our approach allowed us to determine the position of dozens of H-zone and Z-disk proteins with a quasi-molecular, ... [摘要]  [摘要] 肉瘤是高度​​有序的大分子组装体,其中适当的结构组织是这些可收缩单位功能的绝对前提。尽管收集到大量信息,但许多H区和Z盘蛋白的确切空间排列最近未知的是,我们开发了一种强大的纳米方法来定位肌氨酸蛋白成分,其分辨率远低于衍射极限。样品制备的简便性和果蝇的近晶体结构 飞行肌肉瘤使其非常适合单分子定位显微镜检查和结构平均。我们的方法使我们能够以大约5-10 nm的准分子定位精度确定数十个H区和Z盘蛋白的位置。下文所述的协议为制备用于dSTORM成像的单个肌原纤维提供了一种简便且可重现的方法,此外还包括对定制的免费提供的软件工具箱的深入描述,以处理和定量分析原始定位数据。

[背景 ] 肉瘤的结构已通过X射线晶体学以及各种EM方法进行了详细研究,从而形成了来自许多物种的细丝和粗丝的准原子模型。尽管如此,这些检查取得了很好的结果对于肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白重叠区的了解,I带和H区复合物的空间排列仍是未知之数。荧光超分辨率显微镜(也称为纳米显微镜)的最新进展提供了远低于衍射极限的空间分辨率。值得注意的是,单分子定位显微镜(SMLM)可以非常高精度地提供多蛋白复合物的定位图,实际上达到了单个蛋白的大小分辨率(Sigal et al。,2018)。

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Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) for Studying Sarcomeric Protein Interactions in Drosophila
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Protein-protein interactions in Drosophila myofibrils are essential for their function and formation. Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) is an effective method for studying protein interactions and localization. BiFC relies on the reconstitution of a monomeric fluorescent protein from two half-fragments when in proximity. Two proteins tagged with the different half-fragments emit a fluorescent signal when they are in physical contact, thus revealing a protein interaction and its spatial distribution. Because myofibrils are large networks of interconnected proteins, BIFC is an ideal method to study protein-protein interactions in myofibrils. Here we present a protocol for generating transgenic flies compatible with BiFC and a method for analyzing protein-protein ... [摘要]  [摘要] 果蝇肌原纤维中的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用对其功能和形成至关重要。双分子荧光互补(BiFC )是研究蛋白质相互作用和定位的一种有效方法。BiFC 依赖于邻近时从两个半片段重构单体荧光蛋白。标记有不同半片段的两种蛋白质在物理接触时会发出荧光信号,从而揭示了蛋白质相互作用及其空间分布。因为肌原纤维相互连接的蛋白质的大型网络中,附设是一种理想的方法来 研究肌原纤维中蛋白质之间的相互作用。在这里,我们提出了一种生成与BiFC 兼容的转基因果蝇的协议,以及一种基于肌原纤维中荧光BiFC 信号的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析方法。我们的方案适用于大多数果蝇蛋白,只需稍加修改即可用于研究任何组织。

[背景] 肉瘤是横纹肌中最小的收缩单位,并沿着肌原纤维的长度以重复的方式延伸(Reedy和Beall,1993)。肉瘤产生肌肉收缩的能力取决于两个肌原纤维成分:细丝和粗丝。肌球蛋白粗丝固定在肌节中心的M线,而肌动蛋白细丝固定在肌节两侧的Z盘上。因此,Z盘对于维持肌原纤维的结构和收缩至关重要,而Z盘无法形成可能导致各种人类肌病的严重缺陷性肌肉表型(Lemke和Schnorrer,2017年)。

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