| Combination of Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunofluorescence Imaging for Detection of Cytokine Expression in Microglia/Macrophage Cells
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Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract] Microglia and macrophage cells are the primary producers of cytokines in response to neuroinflammatory processes. But these cytokines are also produced by other glial cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. It is essential to identify the cells that produce these cytokines to target their different levels of activation. We used dual RNAscope® fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques to visualize the mRNA expression pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in microglia/macrophages cells. Using these methods, we can associate one mRNA to specific cell types when combining with different cellular markers by immunofluorescence. Results from RNAscope® probes IL-1β, TNFα, TGFβ, IL-10 or Arg1, showed colocalization ...
[摘要] 小神经胶质细胞和巨噬细胞是响应神经炎症过程的细胞因子的主要生产者。但是这些细胞因子也是由其他神经胶质细胞，内皮细胞和神经元产生的。鉴定产生这些细胞因子的细胞以靶向其不同水平的活化是至关重要的。我们使用双RNAscope荧光原位杂交（FISH）和免疫组织化学（IHC）技术来观察小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞中促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的mRNA表达模式细胞。使用这些方法，我们可以联合一个mRNA与特定的细胞类型时，通过免疫荧光与不同的细胞标志物结合。来自RNAscope探针的结果IL-1β，TNFα，TGFβ，IL-10或Arg1显示与小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞抗体的共定位。这些靶标探针显示出足够的灵敏度和特异性来检测mRNA表达。新的FISH检测技术结合免疫组化技术将有助于共同确定蛋白质和mRNA的定位，以及提供可靠的mRNA表达水平的量化。
【背景】mRNA原位杂交技术是一种有用的工具，其允许以细胞依赖性方式特异性和选择性标记脑切片中的RNA序列（Grabinski等人，2015 ...
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| Preparation and Immunofluorescence Staining of the Trachea in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae
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Author:
Date:
2016-05-05
[Abstract] The Drosophila melanogaster trachea is a branched network of rigid chitin-lined tubes that ramify throughout the body and functions as the fly’s respiratory organ. Small openings at the ends of the tracheal tubes allow gas exchange to occur by diffusion between internal tissues and the exterior environment. Tracheal tubes are lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, which secrete chitin and control tube morphology and size. Studies of tracheal development in Drosophila embryos have elucidated fundamental mechanisms of tube morphogenesis and maintenance in vivo, and identified major signaling pathways that regulate these processes (Manning and Krasnow, 1993; Affolter and Shilo, 2000; Zuo et al., 2013; Kerman et al., ...
[摘要] melanogaster 气管是一种由几丁质内衬的管组成的分支网络，分布在整个身体并作为苍蝇的呼吸器官。气管管端部的小开口允许通过内部组织和外部环境之间的扩散而发生气体交换。气管管由单层上皮细胞衬里，其分泌几丁质和对照管形态和尺寸。在Drosop hila 胚胎中的气管发育的研究阐明了管形态发生和维持体内的基本机制，并且鉴定了调节这些过程的主要信号传导途径（Manning和Krasnow，1993; Affolter和Shilo，2000; Zuo等人，2013; Kerman等人，2006; Schottenfeld等人， em，2010）。近年来，在变态过程中对气管的兴趣日益增长，当在幼虫中用作呼吸器官的气管分支被修复或被由致动的气管祖细胞产生的新的气管组织或成熟的气管细胞（Manning和Krasnow，1993; Sato和Kornberg，2002; Guha等人，2008; Guha和Kornberg，2005; Weaver和Krasnow，2008; Pitsouli和Perrimon， 2010; Chen和Krasnow，2014）在过程结束时形成成人气管。正在进行的衰变和组织形成模拟其他生物体中组织修复和再生的方面，并且已经用于理解祖细胞如何分裂和分化（Pitsouli和Perrimon，2010; ...
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| Immunolocalization of Proteins in Corals: the V-type H+-ATPase Proton Pump
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Author:
Date:
2015-09-05
[Abstract] Here we describe the immunolocalization of a membrane-bound proton pump, the V-type H+-ATPase (VHA), in tissues and isolated cells of scleractinian corals. Immunolocalization of coral proteins requires additional steps not required for various model organisms, such as decalcification of the coral skeleton for immunohistochemistry or removal of cells away from the skeleton for immunocytochemistry. The tissue and cell preparation techniques described here can be adapted for localization of other coral proteins, provided the appropriate validation steps have been taken for the primary antibodies and species of coral used. These techniques are important for improving our understanding of coral cell physiology
[摘要] 在这里我们描述膜结合质子泵，V型H + -ATPase（VHA），在组织和分离的细胞的scleractinian珊瑚的免疫定位。 珊瑚蛋白的免疫定位需要对于各种模型生物不需要的额外步骤，例如用于免疫组织化学的珊瑚骨架的脱钙或从用于免疫细胞化学的骨架移除细胞。 本文所述的组织和细胞制备技术可适用于其它珊瑚蛋白的定位，条件是已对所用的一级抗体和珊瑚种类采取了适当的验证步骤。 这些技术对于提高我们对珊瑚细胞生理学的理解是重要的
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