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100-1000 µL Universal Fit Bulk Packed Pipet Tips

Corning ®100-1000μLUniversal Fit Bulk Packed Pipet Tips,Blue

Company: Corning
Catalog#: 4846
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Quantification of Hydrogen Sulfide and Cysteine Excreted by Bacterial Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Bacteria release cysteine to moderate the size of their intracellular pools. They can also evolve hydrogen sulfide, either through dissimilatory reduction of oxidized forms of sulfur or through the deliberate or inadvertent degradation of intracellular cysteine. These processes can have important consequences upon microbial communities, because excreted cysteine autoxidizes to generate hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen sulfide is a potentially toxic species that can block aerobic respiration by inhibiting cytochrome oxidases. Lead acetate strips can be used to obtain semiquantitative data of sulfide evolution (Oguri et al., 2012). Here we describe methods that allow more-quantitative and discriminatory measures of cysteine and hydrogen sulfide release from bacterial cells. An ... [摘要]  细菌释放半胱氨酸以调节细胞内池的大小。它们也可以通过硫的氧化形式的异化还原或通过细胞内半胱氨酸的故意或无意降解来释放硫化氢。这些过程会对微生物群落产生重要影响,因为排泄的半胱氨酸会自动氧化生成过氧化氢,而硫化氢是一种潜在的毒性物种,可通过抑制细胞色素氧化酶来阻断有氧呼吸。醋酸铅条可用于获得硫化物演化的半定量数据(Oguri et al。,2012)。在这里,我们描述的方法,允许更多的定量和歧视措施半胱氨酸和硫化氢释放细菌细胞。提供了一个说明性实例,其中当暴露于外源性胱氨酸时,大肠杆菌迅速产生半胱氨酸和硫化物(Chonoles Imlay等人,2015; Korshunov等人, ,2016)。

【背景】微生物通过几种途径产生了减少的硫物质。硫酸盐还原菌利用还原过程作为能量生成的组成部分。其他细菌释放硫化物,作为硫物质(包括半胱氨酸)的蓄意或偶然降解的副产物。我们观察到半胱氨酸本身是在细胞内水平异常高时排泄的,这种情况可能通过不受控制的氨基酸输入或半胱氨酸合成失调发生。这些硫物质具有非同寻常的反应性,因为它们以高亲和力与金属结合,也是与分子氧发生化学反应的少数生物分子之一。结果是减少的硫化合物可以对细胞产生重要影响。因此,跟踪各种情况下含硫化合物的动态变化是非常重要的。

硫醇试剂 - 特别是5,5-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB) ...

Phos-tag Immunoblot Analysis for Detecting IRF5 Phosphorylation
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  While the activation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is critical for the induction of innate immune responses, it also contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IRF5 phosphorylation is a hallmark of its activation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, where active IRF5 induces type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine genes. By using the phosphate-binding molecule Phos-tag, without either radioisotopes or phospho-specific antibodies, the protocol described here enables detection of the phosphorylation of both human and murine IRF5, as well as that of other proteins. [摘要]  虽然转录因子干扰素调节因子5(IRF5)的激活对于诱导先天免疫应答至关重要,但也有助于自身免疫疾病系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的发病机制。 IRF5磷酸化是其在Toll样受体(TLR)途径中的活化的标志,其中活性IRF5诱导I型干扰素和促炎细胞因子基因。通过使用不含放射性同位素或磷酸特异性抗体的磷酸结合分子磷酸标签,本文所述的方案可以检测人和鼠IRF5以及其他蛋白质的磷酸化。

背景 在TLR-MyD88途径中,IRF5通过翻译后修饰如泛素化和磷酸化被激活,然后活性IRF5转位到细胞核中并诱导其靶基因(Takaoka等人,2005; Balkhi ,2008; Tamura等人,2008; Hayden and Ghosh,2014)。关于IRF5在SLE中的激活状态,已经报道了IRF5积累在SLE患者的单核细胞核中(Stone等人,2012)。此外,我们最近在SLE鼠模型中显示,IRF5超激活(例如,升高的磷酸化)导致SLE样疾病的发展(Ban 等人,,2016年)。因此,分析IRF5的激活状态对于研究SLE以及先天免疫应答是重要的。磷酸化是IRF5激活的核心,因为许多研究已经通过定点诱变和/或质谱法揭示了IRF5的功能性磷酸化位点(Barnes等人,2002; Lin et al。等人,2005; ...

FICZ Exposure and Viral Infection in Mice
Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract]  The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is known as a sensor for dioxins that mediates their toxicity, and also has important biophysiological roles such as circadian rhythms, cell differentiation and immune responses. 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), which is derived through the metabolism of L-tryptophan by ultraviolet B irradiation, is one of putative physiological ligands for AHR (Smirnova et al., 2016). It has recently been shown that endogenously-activated AHR signaling modulates innate immune response during viral infection (Yamada et al., 2016). This section describes how to treat mice with FICZ and to infect them with virus. [摘要]  芳烃受体(AHR)被称为二恶英介导其毒性的传感器,也具有重要的生物生理学作用,如昼夜节律,细胞分化和免疫应答。通过紫外线B照射通过L-色氨酸的代谢衍生的6-甲酰基吲哚(3,2-b)咔唑(FICZ)是AHR的推定生理配体之一(Smirnova等人)。 ,2016)。最近已经显示内源性激活的AHR信号调节病毒感染期间的先天免疫应答(Yamada等人,2016)。本节介绍如何用FICZ治疗小鼠并用病毒感染。

背景 迄今为止,AHR的作用主要是在二恶英治疗实验的基础上进行了调查。另一方面,已经显示AHR介导的信号传导是由内源色氨酸代谢物(FICZ,Kynurenine,等等),血红素代谢物(胆红素等)激活的。 ,和类二十烷酸(Lipoxin A等)。特别地,已经证明FICZ是AHR的生理高亲和力配体,许多积累的报道显示FICZ参与各种基本生物学过程,包括对紫外线的适应性反应,免疫应答,基因组不稳定性和干细胞的体内平衡。最近,Yamada等人。 (2016)证明其在先天免疫应答中的作用:体内FICZ治疗抑制响应于病毒感染的I型干扰素(IFN)产生并促进小鼠血清中病毒滴度的水平。

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