| ER Microsome Preparation and Subsequent IAA Quantification in Maize Coleoptile and Primary Root Tissue
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Author:
Date:
2016-05-05
[Abstract] Auxin is a major growth hormone in plants and the first plant hormone to be discovered and studied (Darwin and Darwin, 1880). The auxin molecule in plants was first identified as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by Kögl et al. (1934). Active research over nearly a decade has shed light on many of the molecular mechanisms of its action but the complexity and redundancy of the auxin biosynthetic network raises questions about control of this system. We have shown that some enzymes involved in the YUCCA-route of auxin biosynthesis are not cytosolic but localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in both Arabidopsis thaliana (YUCCA4.2) (Kriechbaumer et al., 2012) as well as Zea mays (ZmTAR1 and ZmSPI) (Kriechbaumer et al., 2015). This ...
[摘要] 生长素是植物中的主要生长激素和待发现和研究的第一种植物激素（Darwin和Darwin，1880）。植物中的植物生长素分子首先由Kögl等人确定为吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）。 （1934）。近十年的积极研究揭示了其作用的许多分子机制，但是生长素生物合成网络的复杂性和冗余性提出了对该系统的控制的问题。我们已经显示，参与植物生长素生物合成的YUCCA途径的一些酶不是细胞质的，而是定位于拟南芥中的内质网（ER）（YUCCA4.2）（Kriechbaumer等人。（ Zm TAR1和 Zm SPI）（Kriechbaumer /em>，2015）。这提高了生长素生物合成的亚细胞区室的有趣的可能性。为了显示玉米生长素生物合成确实可以在来自玉米幼苗的微粒体以及胞质细胞部分中发生，我们应用本文所述的方案：从玉米胚芽鞘和原代根组织分离微粒体，使用色氨酸的微粒体和胞浆部分的酶测定（Trp）或吲哚-3-丙酮酸（IPyA）作为底物，并提取并定量生长素IAA。
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| Saccharification Protocol for Small-scale Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples to Test Processing of Cellulose into Glucose
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Author:
Date:
2016-01-05
[Abstract] Second generation biofuels are derived from inedible lignocellulosic biomass of food and non-food crops. Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cell walls that contain a large proportion of cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides. An interesting route to generate biofuels and bio-based materials is via enzymatic hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars, a process called saccharification. The released sugars can then be fermented to fuels, e.g., by use of yeast.
To test the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass on a lab-scale, a manual saccharification protocol was established that uses only small amounts of biomass and a low concentration of enzyme. This protocol can be used for different plant species like Arabidopsis ...
[摘要] 第二代生物燃料衍生自食物和非食物作物的不可食用的木质纤维素生物质。木质纤维素生物质主要由含有大比例的纤维素和半纤维素多糖的细胞壁组成。生成生物燃料和生物基材料的有趣途径是通过将细胞壁多糖酶水解成可发酵的糖，这一过程称为糖化。释放的糖然后可以例如通过使用酵母发酵成燃料。
为了在实验室规模上测试木质纤维素生物质的糖化效率，建立了仅使用少量生物质和低浓度酶的手动糖化方案。该方案可以用于不同的植物物种，例如拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana），烟草，玉米和杨树。低的酶浓度使得可以检测糖化产量的微妙改进并分析水解的速度。虽然包括特定的酸和碱预处理，但是糖化步骤可以在任何其它预处理之后。由于不需要先进的设备，该方案可以在许多实验室进行以分析糖化产量。该方案最初在Van Acker等人（2013）中描述。
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