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Tris超纯

Company: AppliChem
Catalog#: A1086
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Separation and Purification of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from Caenorhabditis elegans
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Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a popular model organism for studies of developmental biology, neurology, ageing and other fields of basic research. Because many developmental processes are regulated by glycosaminoglyans (GAGs) on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, methods to isolate and analyze C. elegans GAGs are needed. Such methods have previously been optimized for other species such as mice and zebrafish. After modifying existing purification protocols, we could recently show that the nematodes also produce chondroitin sulfate, in addition to heparan sulfate, thus challenging the view that only non-sulfated chondroitin was synthesized by C. elegans. We here present our protocol adapted for C. elegans. Since the purification ... [摘要]  线虫秀丽隐杆线虫是研究发育生物学,神经学,衰老等基础研究领域的流行模型生物。 因为许多发育过程由细胞表面和细胞外基质中的糖胺聚糖(GAG)调节,分离和分析C的方法。 线虫需要GAG。 此类方法先前已针对其他物种如小鼠和斑马鱼进行了优化。 在修改现有的纯化方案后,我们最近可以显示除了硫酸乙酰肝素外,线虫也产生硫酸软骨素,因此挑战了仅通过C合成非硫酸软骨素的观点。线虫。 我们在这里介绍我们适用于C的协议。线虫。 由于净化策略涉及非硫酸化和硫酸化GAG的分离,所以对于其他可能有利的方法也是有用的。
【背景】糖胺聚糖(GAG)是重复二糖单元的直链多糖链,其通常被硫酸根取代。除了透明质酸,其是在质膜上合成而不被锚定到任何蛋白质的非硫酸化GAG,所有其他GAG都与核心蛋白共价连接,从而形成蛋白聚糖(PG)。在PG上发现的最常见的GAG是硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)和硫酸软骨素(CS)/硫酸皮肤素,含有N-乙酰基 - 葡糖胺和N,N-乙酰基 - 半乳糖胺,分别(张,2010)。在高尔基隔室的生物合成过程中,它们是非模板驱动的过程,它们经过多种修饰,包括将葡萄糖醛酸差向异构化成艾杜糖醛酸,并在不同位置硫酸化(Bulow和Hobert,2006; ...

Protein Expression Protocol for an Adenylate Cyclase Anchored by a Vibrio Quorum Sensing Receptor
Author:
Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract]  The direct regulation of a mycobacterial adenylate cyclase (Rv1625c) via exchange of its membrane anchor by the quorum sensing receptor CqsS (Vibrio harveyi) has recently been reported (Beltz et al., 2016). This protocol describes the expression and membrane preparation for these chimeric proteins. [摘要]  最近报道了通过其群岛感应受体CqsS(Vibrio harveyi)交换其膜锚定点直接调节分枝杆菌腺苷酸环化酶(Rv1625c)(Beltz等,2016)。 该方案描述了这些嵌合蛋白的表达和膜制备。
【背景】膜分隔的哺乳动物腺苷酸环化酶(AC)是IIIa类AC。调节是间接通过第一信使细胞外刺激G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)而在细胞内释放的刺激(或抑制性)Gα-蛋白。 AC产生使用ATP作为底物的通用第二信使cAMP。脊椎动物AC中两个六角膜结构域的大小远远超过了对简单膜锚固的要求。然而,这种内在的膜锚定/受体结构域的调节特征是未知的。为了研究潜在的功能,选择了可以容易地在细菌中表达的分类细菌的典型类IIIa AC Rv1625c(Guo等人,2001和2005)与哺乳动物AC同工型相反。我们用来自哈维氏弧菌CqsS的六价体积感知(QS)受体的受体结构域取代了Rv1625c AC的六角膜锚,以检查我们是否可以通过QS配体的霍乱自动诱导剂直接调节AC -1',CAI-1。 QS受体和IIIa类膜锚的设计是非常相似的,即最小的跨膜α-螺旋和极短的连接环。
我们已经证明了通过细胞外信号直接调节IIIa ...

The Application of Quercetin to Study the Effect of Hsp70 Silencing on Plant Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants
Author:
Date:
2015-12-05
[Abstract]  Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a mechanically-transmitted pathogen affecting tomato plants worldwide. Like with other plant viruses (Verchot, 2012), the heat shock cognate protein 70 homolog (Hsc70) was identified as an interactor of the PepMV coat protein (CP) (Mathioudakis et al., 2012). Here, we describe a pharmacological approach to silence Hsp70 in plants using quercetin (Mathioudakis et al., 2014), an Hsp70 protein expression flavonoid inhibitor (Hosokawa et al., 1990; Manwell and Heikkila 2007). In the case of Hsp70, this methodology represents a faster and easier approach than silencing of Hsp70 by reverse genetics assays, such as VIGS methodology. Fully expanded leaves of 2 to 3 weeks old Nicotiana benthamiana plants were ... [摘要]  Pepino花叶病毒( PepMV )是一种机械传播的病原体,影响全世界的番茄植株。与其他植物病毒一样(Verchot,2012),热休克同源蛋白70同源物(Hsc70)被鉴定为PepMV外壳蛋白(CP)的相互作用物(Mathioudakis等人,2012)。在这里,我们描述了使用槲皮素使沉默Hsp70在植物中的药理学方法(Mathioudakis等人,2014),Hsp70蛋白质表达类黄酮抑制剂(Hosokawa等人,1990 ; Manwell和Heikkila 2007)。在Hsp70的情况下,该方法表示比通过反向遗传学测定(例如VIGS方法)沉默Hsp70更快和更容易的方法。使用注射器用槲皮素(溶解于DMSO中)或DMSO(对照植物)浸润2至3周龄的烟草烟草的完全膨胀的叶子。用PepMV病毒接种物机械接种植物。在接种后4天通过免疫印迹分析在局部叶子上分析Hsp70和PepMV的积累。

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