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50-Well Disposable Plug Molds

50孔一次性插头模具

Company: Bio-Rad Laboratories
Catalog#: 1703713
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Single-molecule Analysis of DNA Replication Dynamics in Budding Yeast and Human Cells by DNA Combing
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2017-06-05
[Abstract]  The DNA combing method allows the analysis of DNA replication at the level of individual DNA molecules stretched along silane-coated glass coverslips. Before DNA extraction, ongoing DNA synthesis is labeled with halogenated analogues of thymidine. Replication tracks are visualized by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies. Unlike biochemical and NGS-based methods, DNA combing provides unique information on cell-to-cell variations in DNA replication profiles, including initiation and elongation. Finally, this assay can be used to monitor the effect of DNA lesions on fork progression, arrest and restart. [摘要]  DNA梳理方法允许在沿着硅烷涂覆的玻璃盖玻片拉伸的单个DNA分子的水平上分析DNA复制。在DNA提取前,进行的DNA合成用胸苷的卤化类似物标记。使用特异性抗体通过免疫荧光可视化复制轨迹。与生物化学和基于NGS的方法不同,DNA梳理提供了DNA复制谱中细胞间细胞变化的独特信息,包括引发和延长。最后,该测定可用于监测DNA损伤对叉进展,停止和重新启动的影响。

背景 在称为复制起点的真核染色体上的数千个位点处启动DNA合成。原始激活遵循由检查点激酶和染色质的表观遗传修饰(Prioleau和MacAlpine,2016)控制的定义良好的复制计时程序。复制叉在正常S阶段经常停顿。叉停止是由多个事件引起的,例如DNA损伤,紧密结合的蛋白质复合物和高表达基因的转录(Tourriere和Pasero 2007; Zeman and Cimprich,2013)。真核生物已经制定了不同的策略来应对这种复制压力,包括修复机制来重新启动捕获的叉子和激活休眠复制起源以抢救终末抓捕的叉。
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Terminal Restriction Fragments (TRF) Method to Analyze Telomere Lengths
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Date:
2015-12-05
[Abstract]  Chromosome ends - telomeres - are a focus of intensive research due to their importance for the maintenance of chromosome stability. Their shortening due to incomplete replication functions as a molecular clock counting the number of cell divisions, and ultimately results in cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Determination of telomere lengths is an essential approach in telomere biology for research and diagnostic applications. Terminal Restriction Fragments (TRF) analysis is the oldest approach to analyze telomere lengths and remains the “gold standard” even in current studies. This technique relies on the fact that repeated minisatellite telomeric units do not contain target sites for restriction enzymes. Consequently, telomeres remain in relatively long fragments (TRF), whereas ... [摘要]  染色体末端 - 端粒是密集研究的焦点,因为它们对维持染色体稳定性的重要性。它们由于不完全复制而缩短作为计数细胞分裂数目的分子时钟,最终导致细胞周期停滞和细胞衰老。端粒长度的测定是端粒生物学中用于研究和诊断应用的基本方法。末端限制性片段(TRF)分析是分析端粒长度的最古老的方法,并且即使在目前的研究中仍然是"金标准"。该技术依赖于重复的小卫星端粒单元不含有限制酶的靶位点的事实。因此,端粒保持相对长的片段(TRF),而基因组DNA被消化成短片段。然后通过与放射性标记的端粒探针杂交显现端粒DNA的片段。由于TRF除了端粒外还包括直到第一限制性位点的端粒相关DNA的短区域,结果稍微偏向更高的TRF值。因此,建议使用频繁的刀具或其混合物,以尽量减少这种差异。此外,通过使用TRF分析,可以区分真正(末端)端粒与间质端粒重复(ITR)(Richards和Ausubel,1988)。在该方法中,首先将BAL31消化应用于高分子量DNA。酶从其末端逐渐降解线性DNA。然后用一种或多种限制酶消化降解的DNA,并通过凝胶电泳分离片段。印迹后,用末端标记序列或端粒序列探测膜。真正的TRF可以区别于ITR,因为它们随着BAL31消化时间的增加而逐步缩短,而ITR是BAL31抗性的。在时间零时的TRF BAL31消化模式表示近似端粒长度(Fajkus等人,2005)。

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