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Ball mill

组织乳液II

Company: QIAGEN
Catalog#: 85300
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Protocol for Enrichment of the Membrane Proteome of Mature Tomato Pollen
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  We established and elaborated on a method to enrich the membrane proteome of mature pollen from economically relevant crop using the example of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). To isolate the pollen protein fraction enriched in membrane proteins, a high salt concentration (750 mM of sodium chloride) was used. The membrane protein-enriched fraction was then subjected to shotgun proteomics for identification of proteins, followed by in silico analysis to annotate and classify the detected proteins. [摘要]  我们建立并阐述了利用番茄茄子(番茄)的例子丰富经济相关作物的成熟花粉膜蛋白质组的方法。为了分离富含膜蛋白质的花粉蛋白质级分,使用高盐浓度(750mM氯化钠)。然后将富含膜蛋白的级分进行霰弹枪蛋白质组学鉴定蛋白质,然后进行计算机分析,以对所检测的蛋白质进行注释和分类。

背景 由于蛋白质和溶质在不同细胞区室之间的适当分布或将新合成的蛋白质插入膜中很大程度上取决于膜蛋白质,所以膜蛋白质组是维持细胞和细胞器内稳态的核心(Paul等人 2013,2014和2016a)。考虑到膜蛋白的重要性,这些对于花粉功能和发育也是至关重要的(Paul等人,2016b)。许多全球花粉蛋白质组学研究已经在过去进行(Chaturvedi等人,2013和2016);然而,很少讨论关于蛋白质的胞内分布和膜蛋白质组学在花粉中的组成的信息(Pertl et al。,2009)。一个原因可能是膜蛋白的低丰度和溶解度。在这里,我们描述了一种方法,用于分离和分析富含成熟花粉的膜蛋白的蛋白质级分,这是为番茄建立的(图1)。

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Simple Spectroscopic Determination of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium in Arabidopsis thaliana
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  Plants use nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium as inorganic nitrogen (N) sources. These N compounds are included in plant tissues at various concentrations depending on the balance between their uptake and assimilation. Thus, the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium are physiological indicators of plant N economy. Here, we describe a protocol for measurement of these inorganic N species in A. thaliana shoots or roots. [摘要]  植物使用硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐和铵作为无机氮(N)源。这些N化合物根据其吸收和同化之间的平衡以各种浓度包含在植物组织中。因此,硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐和铵的含量是植物N经济的生理指标。在这里,我们描述了在A中测量这些无机N物质的方案。 thaliana 芽或根。

背景 无机氮含量的测定对于预测植物吸收和吸收氮的能力很重要。研究人员经常使用需要昂贵设备的技术,如高效液相色谱(HPLC),用于这些测量。本协议基于通用光谱法与廉价的试剂,使其适用于许多研究人员。在酸性条件下,硝酸盐引起水杨酸的硝化,随后加入碱性溶液会导致黄色复合物。在酸性条件下,亚硝酸盐与磺胺类反应产生重氮化合物,其与N - (1-萘基)乙二胺进行重氮偶联,形成粉红色偶氮化合物。在硝普钠盐的催化作用下,铵可以测定为蓝色靛酚衍生物。每个实验程序容易,快速,简单。

Measurement of Dipeptidylpeptidase Activity in vitro and in vivo
Author:
Date:
2017-03-20
[Abstract]  Dipeptidylpeptidases (DPPs) are serine proteases, which cleave small proteins and peptides possessing a proline or an alanine in the second position of their N-terminus. Among the members of this family, dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4) is constitutively expressed in the extracellular space. DPP4 is found at the surface of many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and is also present in many biological fluids in a bioactive soluble form. DPP4 expression is modulated by inflammation, and measurements of its activity have been used as biomarker for disease. Here, we describe a method to evaluate the enzymatic activity of DPP4 in vitro and in vivo. [摘要]  二肽基肽酶(DPPs)是丝氨酸蛋白酶,其在其N末端的第二位置切割具有脯氨酸或丙氨酸的小蛋白质和肽。在该家族成员中,二肽基肽酶4(DPP4)在细胞外空间中组成型表达。 DPP4存在于许多造血细胞和非造血细胞的表面,并且也以生物活性可溶形式存在于许多生物流体中。 DPP4表达受炎症调节,其活性的测定已被用作疾病的生物标志物。在这里,我们描述了一种评估体外DPP4和/或体内酶活性的方法。

背景 DPPs的酶活性的大小可以是炎症的指标;以及用于DPP4抑制剂的重要药效学参数。在这里,我们报告了市售试剂盒用于评估体外DPP-酶活性的详细信息;并提供测试生物样品生成的细节。此外,我们描述了该方法如何用于体内DPP活性的评估。

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