| Organotypic Brain Cultures: A Framework for Studying CNS Infection by Neurotropic Viruses and Screening Antiviral Drugs
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Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at least 50% of emerging viruses endowed with pathogenicity in humans can infect the Central Nervous System (CNS) with induction of encephalitis and other neurologic diseases (Taylor et al., 2001; Olival and Daszak, 2005). While neurological diseases are progressively documented, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and dissemination within the CNS are still poorly understood (Swanson and McGavern, 2015; Ludlow et al., 2016). For example, measles virus (MeV) can infect neural cells, and cause a persistent brain infections leading to lethal encephalitis from several months to years after primary infection with no available treatment (Reuter and Schneider-Schaulies, 2010; Laksono et ...
[摘要] 根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的统计，至少有50％的新发病毒具有致病性，可感染中枢神经系统（CNS），并诱发脑炎和其他神经系统疾病（Taylor et al。 >，2001; Olival和Daszak，2005）。虽然神经系统疾病逐渐被记录下来，但涉及病毒感染和在CNS内传播的潜在细胞和分子机制仍然知之甚少（Swanson and McGavern，2015; Ludlow等人，2016）。例如，麻疹病毒（MeV）可以感染神经细胞，并在原发感染后几个月至数年导致持续的脑感染，导致致死性脑炎，而没有可用的治疗（Reuter和Schneider-Schaulies，2010; Laksono等人。，2016）。器官型脑文化（OBC）是病毒学领域的一个合适的模型，以更好地理解中枢神经系统感染。实际上，它不仅可以研究中枢神经系统内嗜神经病毒的感染和传播，而且还可以作为创新性抗病毒策略或分子的筛选模型，如我们最近发表的有关融合抑制肽和HSP90伴侣蛋白活性抑制剂的研究， 17-DMAG（Welsch等人，2013; ...
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| Lipid Extraction from HeLa Cells, Quantification of Lipids, Formation of Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs) by Extrusion and in vitro Protein-lipid Binding Assays, Analysis of the Incubation Product by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by Flotation across a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
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Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract] Dissecting the interactions established between proteins and membranes in a given type of cells is not an easy task. Using a cell-free system of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) to analyze these interactions may help decipher these interactions and identify potential membrane deformations induced by the proteins incubated with these LUVs. This article describes the protocols for 1) extraction of total lipids from eukaryotic cells using the method developed by Bligh and Dyer (1959), 2) the quantification of glycerophospholipids by gas chromatography after methanolysis, followed by 3) the formation of LUVs by extrusion, 4) protein-lipid binding assay, 5) analysis of the incubation product by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by flotation across a discontinuous sucrose gradient and ...
[摘要] 解剖在给定类型的细胞中蛋白质和膜之间建立的相互作用不是一个容易的任务。使用大单层囊泡（LUV）的无细胞系统来分析这些相互作用可以帮助破译这些相互作用和识别由与这些LUV孵育的蛋白质诱导的潜在的膜变形。本文介绍了1）使用由Bligh和Dyer（1959）开发的方法从真核细胞中提取总脂质，2）在甲醇分解后通过气相色谱法定量甘油磷脂，然后3）通过挤出形成LUV的方案， 4）蛋白质 - 脂质结合测定，5）通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和通过不连续蔗糖梯度浮选分析孵育产物，最后，6）通过免疫印迹分析蛋白质并通过碘素熏蒸显示甘油磷脂。
[背景] 包含巨单层囊泡（GUV;由单个磷脂双层组成，直径大于1μm）或脂质体孵育的无细胞系统与重组蛋白可能有助于了解这些相互作用。根据它们的直径和层数，脂质体被分为小的单层囊泡（SUV;由单个磷脂双层构成的囊泡，直径在20和100nm之间），大的单层囊泡（LUV;由单个双层磷脂，并且直径在100和400nm之间），大多层囊泡（MLV;由多个磷脂双层构成且直径在200nm和3μm之间的囊泡）和多泡囊泡（MVV）;由囊泡组成的大囊泡单个双层磷脂，并含有几个较小的囊泡，每个囊泡由单个双层磷脂组成）。 ...
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| Cyst Detection in Toxoplasma gondii Infected Mice and Rats Brain
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Author:
Date:
2015-04-05
[Abstract] Toxoplasmosis caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is characterized by a life-long chronic infection. The parasite is an efficient neurotropic infectious agent that establishes its “safe” life by forming intracellular cysts in chronically infected animals and humans. This protocol describes the specific recipes and method to stain brain cysts from infected mice and rats for further quantification using epifluorescence microscopy. This method provides the possibility to scan the entire brain and thus to numerate all cysts.
[摘要] 由胞内寄生虫弓形虫引起的弓形虫病的特征在于终生的慢性感染。 寄生虫是一种有效的亲神经感染剂，通过在慢性感染的动物和人中形成细胞内囊肿来建立其"安全"的生命。 该协议描述了从感染的小鼠和大鼠染色脑囊肿的具体配方和方法，以进一步使用落射荧光显微镜定量。 这种方法提供扫描整个大脑，从而计算所有囊肿的可能性。
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