| Sample Preparation for X-ray Micro-computed Tomography of Woody Plant Material and Associated Xylem Visualisation Techniques
|
|
Author:
Date:
2016-03-20
[Abstract] Variation in the tissue structure of short rotation coppice (SRC) willow is a principle factor driving differences in lignocellulosic sugar yield yet much of the physiology and development of this tissue is unknown. Traditional sectioning can be both difficult and destructive in woody tissue; however, technology such as three dimensional X-ray micro-computational tomography (μCT) scanning can be used to move biological researchers beyond traditional two dimensional assessment of tissue variation without having to destructively cut cells. This technology does not replace classical microscopic techniques but rather can be carefully integrated with traditional methods to improve exploration of the world of plant biology in three dimensions. The procedures below outline preparation of willow ...
[摘要] 短旋转枝（SRC）柳树的组织结构的变化是驱动木质纤维素糖产量的差异的主要因素，但是该组织的大部分生理学和发育是未知的。传统的切片在木质组织中既困难又具有破坏性;然而，诸如三维X射线微计算断层扫描（μCT）扫描的技术可以用于移动生物学研究者超越组织变化的传统二维评估，而不必破坏性地切割细胞。这种技术不能取代传统的微观技术，而是可以仔细地与传统方法整合，以改进植物生物学世界的三维探索。以下程序概述了用于3D X射线μCT和相关木质部染色和可视化技术的柳树的制备，特别是在凝胶状纤维（g-纤维）发育期间的次生木质部程序性细胞死亡（PCD）延迟。这里的许多染色技术可转移到其他木本物种，如杨树和桉树。
|
|
|
| Preparation of Arabinogalactan Glycoproteins from Plant Tissue
|
|
Author:
Date:
2013-10-05
[Abstract] This supplements an earlier protocol (Popper, 2011) for the extraction and assay of cell surface arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). These highly glycosylated glycoproteins (~95% carbohydrate) contain numerous glycomodules with paired glucuronic acid residues that bind Ca2+ in a pH dependent manner (Lamport and Varnai, 2013). Classical AGPs comprise the bulk of cell surface glycoproteins and are thus integral components of a Ca2+ oscillator involved in a signalling pathway where calcium is a “universal signalling currency” analogous to ATP as the universal energy currency. The central role of these peripheral glycoproteins is thus reason enough for their further study. However, problems arise due to the extensive glycosylation and its apparent microheterogeneity ...
[摘要] 这补充了用于细胞表面阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白（AGP）的提取和测定的早期方案（Popper，2011）。这些高度糖基化的糖蛋白（〜95％碳水化合物）含有许多具有以pH依赖性方式结合Ca 2+ 2+的成对葡萄糖醛酸残基的糖模块（Lamport和Varnai，2013）。经典AGP包含大量细胞表面糖蛋白，因此是参与信号传导途径的Ca 2+ 2+振荡器的整体组分，其中钙是类似于作为通用能量货币的ATP的"通用信号传导货币"。因此，这些外周糖蛋白的中心作用是足以进行进一步研究的理由。然而，由于广泛的糖基化及其明显的微不均一性，通常假定排除简单的还原剂方法而出现问题。在这里，我描述了基于其与β-D-葡糖基或半乳糖基的特异性相互作用的经典AGP的简单部分纯化Yariv试剂，一种合成的重氮染料，其在中性pH的盐溶液中沉淀AGP作为不溶性复合物。 ...
|
|
|