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Absolute alcohol

纯乙醇

Company: Sinopharm Chemical Reagent
Catalog#: 10009218
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Examining Autophagy in Plant by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
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Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  In plants, macroautophagy, here referred as autophagy, is a degradation pathway during which the double-membrane structure named autophagosome engulfs the cargo and then fuses with vacuole for material recycling.

To investigate the process of autophagy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the ultrastructure of autophagic structures and identify the cargo during this process due to its high resolution. Compared to other autophagy examination methods including biochemical assays and confocal microscopy, TEM is the only method that indicates the morphology of autophagic structures in nanoscale, which is considered to be one of the best ways to illustrate the morphology of autophagic intermediates and the substrate of autophagy. Here, we describe the ...
[摘要]  在植物中,巨自噬,这里称为自噬,是一种降解途径,在此期间,称为自噬体的双膜结构吞噬货物,然后与液泡融合以进行材料回收。

为了研究自噬过程,透射电子显微镜(TEM)用于监测自噬结构的超微结构,并由于其高分辨率在此过程中识别货物。 与其他自噬检测方法(包括生化检测和共聚焦显微镜)相比,TEM是唯一能够显示纳米级自噬结构形态的方法,被认为是阐明自噬中间体形态和自噬基质的最佳方法之一。。 在这里,我们描述了使用TEM在 Nicotiana benthamiana >叶细胞中的自噬检测分析。

【背景】自噬是真核生物中高度保守的大分子降解途径(Dikic,2017)。在植物中,自噬是由几种胁迫条件诱导的,包括饥饿,氧化应激,盐胁迫和衰老(Doelling et al。>,2002; Hanaoka et al。>,2002; Liu et al。>,2005; Bassham,2007; Liu and Bassham,2009; Luo et al。>,2017)。在自噬期间,称为自噬体的双膜囊泡在细胞质中形成并转运到中央液泡中,其中自噬体的外膜与液泡膜融合。然后被称为自噬体的单膜结构进入液泡腔并最终降解(Ohsumi,2001; Liu和Bassham,2012)。

到目前为止,已经建立了许多检测植物自噬的方法。常用的检测方法是共聚焦显微镜,电子显微镜和生化方法。至于共聚焦显微镜检测,自噬标记包括与荧光蛋白融合的ATG8,ATG5和SH3P2用于标记自噬相关结构(Zhuang ...

Determination of Intracellular Osmolytes in Cyanobacterial Cells
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Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Most of the cyanobacteria accumulate osmolytes including sucrose, glucosylglycerol, in their cells in response to salt stress. Here we describe a protocol of our laboratory for extraction and quantification of cyanobacterial intracellular sucrose and glucosylglycerol. We have confirmed this protocol was applicable to at least four kinds of cyanobacteria, filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and halotolerant unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. [摘要]  大多数蓝细菌在其细胞中积累包括蔗糖,葡萄糖基甘油在内的渗透压以响应盐胁迫。 在这里,我们描述了我们实验室的蓝藻细胞内蔗糖和葡萄糖甘油的提取和定量方案。 我们已证实此方案适用于至少四种蓝藻,丝状蓝藻Anabaena sp。 PCC 7120,单细胞蓝藻集胞藻 sp。 PCC 6803,细长聚球蓝细菌PCC 7942和耐盐单细胞蓝细菌聚球蓝细菌。 PCC 7002。【背景】Osmolytes(或相容溶质)是一组低分子量的有机溶质,对包括蓝细菌在内的微生物的非生物胁迫适应具有重要的生理作用(Reed和Stewart,1985;Klähn和Hagemann,2011; Slama等人。,2015)。为了确定来自蓝细菌细胞的细胞内渗透物,已经建立了几种方案(Reed和Stewart,1985; Hagemann等人,1997; Motta等人,2004; Du ,2013; Fa et al。,2015)。在这些方法中,基于核磁共振(NMR)光谱的方法是唯一可以直接应用于微生物培养物而不需要任何提取程序的方法(Motta等人,2004年)。然而,这个方案刚刚在Halomonas pantelleriensis 和Sulfolobus solfataricus ...

Fluorescence Microscopy for Cilia in Cultured Cells and Zebrafish Embryos
Author:
Date:
2014-07-20
[Abstract]  Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like projections found in organisms, ranging from protozoa to mammals. This protocol provides methods for immunofluorescence staining of cilia in cultured cells and zebrafish embryos. [摘要]  纤毛是在生物体中发现的基于微管的头发样突起,从原生动物到哺乳动物。 该协议提供了在培养的细胞和斑马鱼胚胎中的纤毛的免疫荧光染色的方法。

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