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UltraPureTM Low Melting Point Agarose

UltraPure TM低熔点琼脂糖

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 16520100
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Optical Clearing and Index Matching of Tissue Samples for High-resolution Fluorescence Imaging Using SeeDB2
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  Tissue clearing techniques are useful for large-scale three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of thick tissues. However, high-resolution imaging deep inside tissues has been challenging, as it is extremely sensitive to light scattering and spherical aberrations. Here, we present a water-based optical clearing and mounting media, SeeDB2, which is designed for high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses with oil or glycerol immersion. Using quick and simple soaking procedures, the refractive indices of samples can be matched either to that of immersion oil (1.52) or glycerol (1.46), thus minimizing light scattering and spherical aberrations. Fine morphology and various fluorescent proteins are highly preserved during the clearing and imaging process. Our method is useful for the ... [摘要]  组织清除技术可用于厚组织的大规模三维荧光成像。然而,高分辨率成像深层组织一直是一个挑战,因为它对光散射和球面像差极为敏感。在这里,我们提出了一种水基光学清除和安装介质SeeDB2,它是专为高数值孔径(NA)物镜和油或甘油浸泡而设计的。使用快速简单的浸泡程序,样品的折射率可以与浸油(1.52)或甘油(1.46)相匹配,从而最大限度地减少光散射和球面像差。在清理和成像过程中,高度保留了良好的形态和各种荧光蛋白。我们的方法可用于使用共聚焦和超分辨率显微镜在突触分辨率下的神经元电路的三维荧光成像。 SeeDB2也可用作荧光蛋白超分辨率成像的封固介质。
【背景】生物组织以3D组织。此外,许多重要的细胞机器,例如,例如,神经元中的突触,是亚微米级的。因此,对用于亚微米级3D成像的方法的需求不断增加。串联电子显微镜技术(例如>,FIB-SEM或SBF-SEM)很有前景,但它们无法充分利用现代生命科学中可用的基因荧光标记工具。为了利用荧光显微镜促进3D成像,近年来已经开发了许多组织清除技术(Richardson和Lichtman,2015和2017)。它们专为大规模3D成像而设计,其中一些可用于全脑,甚至是固定样品的全身尺度荧光成像,结合共焦,双光子或光片显微镜。然而,其中许多尚未针对高分辨率成像进行全面优化。
在荧光显微镜中,横向分辨率( d >)给出如下:
d ...

A Co-culture Model for Determining the Target Specificity of the de novo Generated Retinal Ganglion Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-04-05
[Abstract]  In glaucoma, the output neurons of the retina, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), progressively degenerate, leading to irreversible blindness (Ahram et al., 2015). The ex vivo stem cell method to replace degenerated RGCs remains a potentially viable approach (Levin et al., 2004). However, the success of the approach depends upon the ability of the de novo generated RGCs to connect over the long distance with specific targets in the central visual pathway. Here, we describe a protocol to examine the target specificity of the de novo generated RGCs using a co-culture approach where the RGCs neurites are allowed to choose between specific (superior colliculus; SC) and non-specific (inferior colliculus; IC) tectal targets. [摘要]  在青光眼中,视网膜的输出神经元,视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)逐渐退化,导致不可逆的失明(Ahram等人,2015)。 替代退化RGCs的离体干细胞方法仍然是潜在可行的方法(Levin等人,2004)。 然而,该方法的成功取决于生成RGC的远程连接与中心视觉通路中特定目标的能力。 在这里,我们描述了一种协议,用于使用共培养方法来检查产生RG的产生RGCs的靶特异性,其中RGCs神经突被允许在特异性(上丘(SC))和非特异性 (下丘,IC)构造目标。

青光眼是全球不可逆失明的最常见原因之一(Tham等人,2014)。其特征在于RGC的进行性退化,视网膜的主要输出神经元,其与大脑连接用于视觉感知。不幸的是,目前尚无治疗RGCs变性的治疗方法。无论是外科手术,药理学还是神经保护,管理方法都不能扭转退行性变化(Danesh-Meyer,2011)。鉴于这种棘手的情况,干细胞治疗已经成为替代死亡RGCs的潜在可行方法。这种方法的成功需要:1)功能性和非致瘤性RGC与多能干细胞的定向分化,以及2)产生RGC的新生靶标特异性。我们的实验室最近展示了一种化学定义的方法,通过重述发育机制(Teotia等人,2016),允许RGCs从胚胎干(ES)/诱导的多能干细胞(iPS)细胞中的定向分化。所得的RGC是稳定的,功能性的和非致瘤性的。然而,远离干细胞在青光眼RGC变性中的生物细胞的成功取决于它们的轴突在中心视觉途径中找到适当靶标的能力。移植后,RGC的轴突必须在视网膜内导航,作为视神经退出,决定在视交叉处交叉或不交叉,并达到建立视网膜连接的具体目标。我们已经证明ES ...

Optical Clearing Using SeeDB
Author:
Date:
2014-02-05
[Abstract]  We describe a water-based optical clearing agent, SeeDB (See Deep Brain), which clears fixed brain samples in a few days without quenching many types of fluorescent dyes, including fluorescent proteins and lipophilic neuronal tracers. SeeDB is a saturated solution of fructose (80.2% w/w) in water with 0.5% α-thioglycerol. In standard SeeDB optical clearing procedure, we treat paraformaldehyde-fixed embryo and brain samples with increasing concentrations of aqueous fructose solutions, and finally equilibrate them in SeeDB. The entire procedure takes approximately three days. Unlike previous methods, this method maintains a constant sample volume during the clearing procedure, an important factor to keep cellular morphology intact. After optical clearing, we can reach > 1,000 μm under ... [摘要]  我们描述了一种水基光学清除剂,SeeDB(参见深脑),其在几天内清除固定的脑样品,而不淬灭许多类型的荧光染料,包括荧光蛋白和亲脂性神经元示踪剂。 SeeDB是果糖(80.2%w/w)在含有0.5%α-硫代甘油的水中的饱和溶液。在标准的SeeDB光学清除程序中,我们用增加浓度的果糖水溶液处理多聚甲醛固定的胚胎和脑样品,并且最后在SeeDB中平衡它们。整个过程大约需要三天。与以前的方法不同,该方法在清除过程中保持恒定的样品体积,这是保持细胞形态完整的重要因素。光学清除后,我们可以达到>在共聚焦显微镜下为1,000μm。当与双光子显微镜结合时,SeeDB允许我们以毫米级别水平成像固定的小鼠大脑。这种方法有助于全面和定量分析理解神经元电路,在成人和发展中国家的小鼠大脑。还提供了SeeDB变体(参见DB37)和优化的程序(见DBp和SeeDB37ht协议)以满足特定要求。

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