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MgCl2·6H2O

氯化镁六水合物

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 135-00165
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Live Imaging of Axonal Transport in the Motor Neurons of Drosophila Larvae
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  Axonal transport, which is composed of microtubules, motor proteins and a variety of types of cargo, is a prominent feature of neurons. Monitoring these molecular dynamics is important to understand the biological processes of neurons as well as neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with axonal dysfunction. Here, we describe a protocol for monitoring the axonal transport of motor neurons in Drosophila larvae using inverted fluorescence microscopy. [摘要]  由微管,运动蛋白和各种类型的货物组成的轴突运输是神经元的突出特征。 监测这些分子动力学对于了解神经元的生物过程以及与轴突功能障碍相关的神经退行性疾病是重要的。 在这里,我们描述了使用倒置荧光显微镜监测果蝇幼虫中运动神经元的轴突运输的协议。

【背景】轴突是一种独特的神经元结构,神经元通过该结构将电信号和化学信号传递给邻近的神经元,肌肉和其他组织。通过囊泡,细胞器和材料的循环流动或穿梭来维持轴突功能(Liu等人,2012; Wong等人,2012; Alami等人,2014)。轴突功能障碍被认为是神经退行性病变的早期征兆,并且是人类中阿尔茨海默病,帕金森病和运动神经元疾病等神经退行性疾病的原因(Hirokawa等人,2010; Millecamps and Julien,2013)。然而,在人类和哺乳动物模型中难以监测这些神经退行性疾病中的轴突变性过程。果蝇模型是研究分子遗传水平的神经退行性疾病的有力工具,并通过体内神经元的实时成像为治疗方法提供了重要的证据(Shiba-福岛等人,2014; Hosaka等人,2017)。直立荧光显微镜技术通常用于分析组织和器官培养物的活体成像。然而,由于其广泛的实用性和可扩展性,倒置荧光显微镜已经看到需求增加。在这里,我们介绍我们的协议来分析使用倒置荧光显微镜的果蝇的第三龄幼虫的运动神经元的轴突运输。

In vitro Phosphorylation Assay of Putative Blue-light Receptor Phototropins Using Microsomal and Plasma-membrane Fractions Prepared from Vallisneria Leaves
Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract]  An aquatic angiosperm Vallisneria (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae) has been used as an excellent experimental material over a century to study the light regulation of dynamic intracellular movements including chloroplast redistribution and cytoplasmic streaming (Senn, 1908; Seitz, 1987; Takagi, 1997). However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms lagged behind because of difficulty in applying modern techniques such as gene transformation to this plant. Especially, which kind of photoreceptors function in these intriguing responses has long been an unsolved topic. Recently, genes encoding plant-specific blue-light receptor phototropins were isolated in Vallisneria, for the first time from aquatic plants (Sakai et al., 2015). Phototropins were identified ... [摘要]  水生被子植物Vallisneria(Alismatales:Hydrocharitaceae)已经在一个世纪内用作研究动态细胞内运动的光调节的优良实验材料,包括叶绿体再分布和细胞质流(Senn,1908; Seitz,1987 ; Takagi,1997)。然而,对分子机制的理解落后,因为难以应用现代技术,如基因转化到这个植物。特别地,哪种类型的光感受器在这些有趣的反应中起作用长期以来一直是未解决的主题。最近,在水生植物中首次在Vallisneria中分离编码植物特异性蓝光受体光托品的基因(Sakai等人,2015)。光金蛋白首先被鉴定为拟南芥中下胚轴向往性的光感受器,并且现在已知调节许多反应,包括各种植物物种中的叶绿体光定位运动(Christie,2007)。光催化素主要位于质膜上,并且它们由蓝光诱导的自磷酸化是信号转导途径的关键步骤(Sakamoto和Briggs,2002; Kong等,2006; et al。,2013; Inoue et al。,2010)。在这里,我们描述了使用Vallisneria的原始微粒体和质膜富集级分的体外蛋白磷酸化测定的方案,其使得我们能够验证光催化素的存在并表征它们的自身磷酸化反应。在这些分析之后,Sakai等人(2015)提出 Vallisneria 光催化素介导高强度蓝光诱导的叶绿体回避反应。

Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Antigen-Antibody Interaction
Author:
Date:
2013-12-20
[Abstract]  Molecular interaction between monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and their recognized antigen is a fundamental event leading to the neutralization activity. Estimation of their binding affinity gives beneficial information to characterize the MAbs and to develop more effective MAbs. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis is a powerful tool to analyze the molecular interaction, enabling rapid and repetitive estimation with relatively small amount of sample. Here we describe a general protocol about SPR analysis on the interaction between viral antigen and human MAb (HuMAb) IgG. Anti-human Fcγ is first covalently crosslinked on the sensor chip by amine coupling, and then HuMAb of interest is immobilized via anti-Fcγ MAb IgG interaction as ligand. Antigen injected on the sensor chip causes the ... [摘要]  单克隆抗体(MAb)与其识别的抗原之间的分子相互作用是导致中和活性的基本事件。 它们的结合亲和力的估计给出了表征MAb和产生更有效的MAb的有益信息。 表面等离子体共振(SPR)分析是分析分子相互作用的有力工具,使得能够用相对少量的样品进行快速和重复的估计。 在这里我们描述关于病毒抗原和人类MAb(HuMAb)IgG之间的相互作用的SPR分析的一般协议。 抗人Fcγ首先通过胺偶联在传感器芯片上共价交联,然后通过抗FcγMAbIgG相互作用作为配体固定目标HuMAb。 注射在传感器芯片上的抗原导致作为结合和解离的结果的时间过程中的SPR变化。 通过分析动力学,获得结合速率,解离速率和解离常数。

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