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Hydrochloric acid

盐酸

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 080-01066
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Liposome Flotation Assay for Studying Interactions Between Rubella Virus Particles and Lipid Membranes
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Rubella virus (RuV) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is pathogenic to humans. RuV binds to the target cell via the viral envelope protein E1, but the specific receptor molecules on the target cell are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe a protocol for liposome flotation assay to study direct interactions between RuV particles and lipid membranes in a qualitative manner. Interactions are examined by a Nycodenz density gradient fractionation using UV-inactivated RuV particles and fluorescent-labeled liposomes consisting of pure lipids. Fractionated RuV particles are detected using standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Western blot analysis for viral proteins. On the Nycodenz gradient, RuV particles ... [摘要]  风疹病毒(RuV)是一种包膜的正义单链RNA病毒,对人类具有致病性。 RuV通过病毒包膜蛋白E1与靶细胞结合,但靶细胞上的特异性受体分子尚未完全阐明。在这里,我们描述了脂质体浮选测定的方案,以定性方式研究RuV颗粒和脂质膜之间的直接相互作用。使用UV-灭活的RuV颗粒和由纯脂质组成的荧光标记的脂质体通过Nycodenz密度梯度分级检查相互作用。使用标准十二烷基硫酸钠 - 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测分级的RuV颗粒,然后对病毒蛋白进行Western印迹分析。在Nycodenz梯度上,与未结合的RuV颗粒相比,与脂质体结合的RuV颗粒转移至较低密度的部分。使用该方案,我们提供了令人信服的证据,即在中性pH下以钙依赖性方式,RuV颗粒与某些细胞类型中含有鞘磷脂(SM)和胆固醇的脂质膜结合。

【背景】 风疹病毒是“风疹”的致病因子,“风疹”是一种急性且相对轻微的全身性感染和“先天性风疹综合征”,一种导致严重出生缺陷的转胎胎儿感染(Hobman,2013)。阐明RuV进入的分子机制对于了解病毒病理学和帮助开发抗RuV药物是必不可少的。虽然以前的研究表明宿主细胞的膜脂质作为RuV受体(Mastromarino et al。,1989和1990; DuBois et ...

Heavy Metal Stress Assay of Caenorhabditis elegans
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  Organisms have developed many protective systems to reduce the toxicity from heavy metals. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used to determine the protective mechanisms against heavy metals. Responses against heavy metals can be monitored by expression of reporter genes, while sensitivity can be determined by quantifying growth or survival rate following exposure to heavy metals. [摘要]  生物开发了许多保护系统,以减少重金属的毒性。线虫秀丽隐杆线虫已广泛用于确定重金属的保护机制。可以通过报告基因的表达来监测对重金属的反应,而敏感性可以通过量化暴露于重金属后的生长或存活率来确定。

背景 一些重金属如砷,镉和汞已知对包括人类在内的大多数生物有害(Valko et al。,2005)。为了降低这些金属的毒性,生物开发出各种保护系统。线虫秀丽隐杆线虫已被用于了解重金属的保护机制。以前的研究表明,许多基因,如解毒酶,转录因子和信号传导因子都参与了该生物体中重金属的保护(Broeks et al。,1996; Mizuno et al。 ,2004; Inoue等人,2005; Schwartz等人,2010)。除了测量报告基因表达外,生存力和生长的测定通常用于监测重金属在C中的影响。线虫。在本协议中,我们描述了使用C测定砷,铜和镉的方法。线虫。

RNase Sensitivity Screening for Nuclear Bodies with RNA Scaffolds in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  The mammalian cell nucleus is highly organized and contains membraneless nuclear bodies (NBs) characterized by distinct resident factors. The NBs are thought to serve as sites for biogenesis and storage of certain RNA and protein factors as well as assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes. Some NBs are formed with architectural RNAs (arcRNAs) as their structural scaffolds and additional NBs likely remain unidentified in mammalian cells. Here, we describe an experimental protocol to search for new NBs built on certain arcRNAs. RNase-sensitive NBs were identified by monitoring nuclear foci visualized by tagging thousands of human cDNA products. [摘要]  哺乳动物细胞核高度组织,包含以不同的居民因素为特征的无膜核体(NBs)。 NB被认为是用于某些RNA和蛋白质因子的生物发生和储存的位点以及核糖核蛋白复合物的组装。 一些NB由构建的RNA(arcRNA)形成,作为它们的结构性支架,另外的NB可能在哺乳动物细胞中保持不明。 在这里,我们描述了一个实验协议来搜索建立在某些arcRNA上的新NB。 通过监测通过标记数千个人类cDNA产物可视化的核病灶来鉴定RNase敏感性NB。
【背景】哺乳动物细胞核是高度组织的,由称为核体(NB)的多个不同的亚结构组成。迄今为止,已经将15个NB鉴定为含有各种蛋白质和RNA因子的亚核膜无颗粒结构,其中许多颗粒结构用作特异性RNA,蛋白质和/或核糖核蛋白(RNP)复合物的生物发生,成熟,储存和螯合的位点Mao et al。,2011; Sleeman and Trinkle-Mulcahy,2014)(表1)。
一些NB被构建在称为结构RNA(arcRNA)的特定长非编码RNA(lncRNA)上,其定义为NB的结构核心(Chujo等,2016)。 arcRNA依赖的NB由与arcRNA相互作用的许多RNA结合蛋白组成。最显着的例子是由几种特征性RNA结合蛋白组成的寄生虫斑(Fox等,2002; ...

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