| A Method to Convert mRNA into a Guide RNA (gRNA) Library without Requiring Previous Bioinformatics Knowledge of the Organism
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Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract] While the diversity of species represents a diversity of special biological abilities, many of the genes that encode those special abilities in a variety of species are untouched, leaving an untapped gold mine of genetic information; however, despite current advances in genome bioinformatics, annotation of that genetic information is incomplete in most species, except for well-established model organisms, such as human, mouse, or yeast. A guide RNA (gRNA) library using the clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system can be used for the phenotypic screening of uncharacterized genes by forward genetics. The construction of a gRNA library usually requires an abundance of chemically synthesized oligos designed from annotated genes; ...
[摘要] 虽然物种的多样性代表着特殊的生物学能力的多样性，但许多编码这些特殊能力的基因却是不变的，留下了未开发的遗传信息金矿;然而，尽管基因组生物信息学方面取得了进展，但除了成熟的模型生物体，如人，小鼠或酵母，遗传信息的注释在大多数物种中是不完全的。使用聚簇常规散布的回文重复序列（CRISPR）/ Cas9（CRISPR相关蛋白9）系统的引导RNA（gRNA）文库可用于通过正向遗传学对非特异性基因的表型筛选。 gRNA文库的构建通常需要从注释基因设计的大量化学合成寡核苷酸;如果想在没有目标DNA序列的先验知识的情况下将mRNA转换成gRNA，那么主要的挑战就是发现原始邻近基序（PAM）侧翼的序列并切出20-bp片段。最近，我开发了基于分子生物学技术将mRNA转化为gRNA文库（Arakawa，2016）（图1）。我在这里描述了如何从mRNA构建gRNA文库的详细协议。
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图1.将mRNA转化为gRNA文库构建的方法（Sanjana等人，2014）。总结了该方法的方案。在步骤中详细描述了D-O的每个步骤。 ...
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| A Ribosome Footprinting Protocol for Plants
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Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract] Ribosome footprinting, or Ribo-seq, has revolutionized the studies of translation. It was originally developed for yeast and mammalian cells in culture (Ingolia et al., 2009). Herein, we describe a plant-optimized hands-on ribosome footprinting protocol derived from previously published procedures of polysome isolation (Ingolia et al., 2009; Mustroph et al., 2009) and ribosome footprinting (Ingolia et al., 2009; Ingolia et al., 2013). With this protocol, we have been able to successfully isolate and analyze high-quality ribosomal footprints from different stages of in vitro grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants (dark-grown seedlings [Merchante et al., 2015] and 13-day-old plantlets in plates and plants grown in liquid ...
[摘要] 核糖体足迹或Ribo-seq，彻底改变了翻译研究。它最初是为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的（Ingolia等人，2009）。本文中，我们描述了来自先前公开的多核糖体分离程序的植物优化的亲手核糖体印迹方案（Ingolia等人，2009; Mustroph等人，2009 ）和核糖体印迹（Ingolia等人，2009; Ingolia等人，2013）。使用该协议，我们能够成功地分离和分析来自体外生长的拟南芥植物（黑暗生长的幼苗）的不同阶段的高质量核糖体印迹[Merchante < ，以及在液体培养物中生长的板和植物中的13天龄小植物[未发表的结果]）。
[背景] 翻译在调节基因活性中的中心作用早已被公认，但是在响应于特定刺激的全基因组翻译定量变化的系统探索最近才变得技术上可行。最初为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的核糖体印迹技术（通常称为Ribo-seq）已经彻底改变了翻译调节和基因表达的研究，因为其允许确定核糖体在基因组 - ...
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| Promoter Orientation of Prokaryotic Phase-variable Genes by PCR
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Author:
Date:
2012-10-20
[Abstract] One major mechanism of phase variable gene expression in prokaryotes is through inversion of the promoter element for a gene or operon. This protocol describes how to detect the promoter orientation of a phase-variable gene by PCR. This protocol, including primer design, is specific to detection of the promoter orientations of hyxR, a LuxR-like response regulator in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates (Bateman and Seed, 2012); however, this protocol can be generalized to other organisms and genes to discriminate prokaryotic promoter inversions by PCR through size discrimination of the amplification products. Expression of hyxR is regulated through bidirectional phase inversion of the upstream promoter region mediated by a member of the family of ...
[摘要] 在原核生物中相变基因表达的一个主要机制是通过逆转基因或操纵子的启动子元件。该协议描述了如何通过PCR检测相变基因的启动子方向。该方案包括引物设计，其特异性用于检测hyxR（在肠道致病性大肠杆菌（ExPEC）分离株中的LuxR样应答调节剂）的启动子定向（Bateman和Seed，2012）;然而，该协议可以推广到其他生物体和基因以通过PCR通过扩增产物的大小鉴别来区分原核启动子逆转。 hyxR的表达通过由称为Fim样重组酶的位点特异性酪氨酸重组酶家族成员介导的上游启动子区的双向相位反转来调节。重组酶识别启动子侧翼的反向DNA重复序列并产生基因组重排，使启动子定向有利于或不利于基因表达。
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