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Gentamicin solution 10 mg/ml

庆大霉素溶液

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: G1272
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Preparation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Larvae for the Study of Host Skin Response
Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract]  

Hookworms are skin penetrating parasites, however in the laboratory the hookworm model Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the parasite is traditionally administered subcutaneously bypassing the skin (epidermis and dermis). Here, we describe two complementary approaches for infecting mice with N. brasiliensis in order to study the skin immune responses. The first approach employs a skin percutaneous injection that is poorly efficient with the laboratory strain of the parasite in mice, but represents a natural infection. The second approach employs an intradermal injection of the parasite, allowing the controlled delivery of the parasitic larvae and leads to an infection that closely mimics the natural kinetics of parasite migration and development. Both of those infection models allow the

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[摘要]  [摘要]钩虫是穿透皮肤的寄生虫,但是在实验室中,钩虫模型巴西柔毛夜蛾(Nippostrongylus brasiliensis),传统上是通过皮下绕过皮肤(表皮和真皮)进行施用的。在这里,我们描述了两种互补的方法,以感染巴西猪笼草 为了研究皮肤的免疫反应。第一种方法采用皮肤经皮注射,其对小鼠体内寄生虫的实验室菌株效率较差,但代表自然感染。第二种方法是通过皮内注射寄生虫,从而控制寄生幼虫的递送,并导致感染,该感染与寄生虫迁移和发育的自然动力学密切相似。这两种感染模型均允许研究人员研究针对寄生虫的皮肤免疫反应,以及对寄生虫在皮肤入侵过程中采用的早期免疫调节策略的详细研究。


[背景]钩虫幼虫迁移从皮肤到肺部,最后才到达肠道,在那里他们完成MA turation成成虫,并开始繁殖。针对钩虫免疫每个发育阶段的过程中出现和以下的初级和次级感染(Bouchery等人。,201 7 )。W¯¯休斯特对肺和寄生虫感染的肠相位的宿主的免疫反应是公特征在于,所述皮肤反应仅被部分地特征为利用啮齿动物钩虫,当前模型日圆线虫巴西(铌),传统上经由递送感染幼虫皮下感染途径绕过了事实上的皮肤。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了两种感染方法,可以研究皮肤穿透阶段。这些模型利用感染性幼虫的皮内感染,允许递送控制剂量的寄生虫,或局部应用模仿钩虫自然皮肤渗透的幼虫(Gharib,1955)。 ...

Preparation of Cerebellum Granule Neurons from Mouse or Rat Pups and Evaluation of Clostridial Neurotoxin Activity and Their Inhibitors by Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGN) from post-natal rodents have been widely used as a model to study neuronal development, physiology and pathology. CGN cultured in vitro maintain the same features displayed in vivo by mature cerebellar granule cells, including the development of a dense neuritic network, neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release and the expression of neuronal protein markers. Moreover, CGN represent a convenient model for the study of Clostridial Neurotoxins (CNT), most notably known as Tetanus and Botulinum neurotoxins, as they abundantly express both CNT receptors and intraneuronal substrates, i.e., Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptors (SNARE proteins). Here, we describe a protocol for obtaining a highly pure ... [摘要]  来自产后啮齿动物的小脑颗粒神经元(CGN)已被广泛用作研究神经元发育,生理学和病理学的模型。 CGN体外培养维持成熟小脑颗粒细胞在体内显示的相同特征,包括发育致密的神经炎网络,神经元活动,神经递质释放和神经元的表达 蛋白质标记。 此外,CGN代表了梭菌神经毒素(CNT)研究的便利模型,最着名的是破伤风和肉毒杆菌神经毒素,因为它们大量表达CNT受体和神经元内基质, ie ,可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺 - 敏感因子激活蛋白受体(SNARE蛋白)。 在这里,我们描述了从出生后大鼠/小鼠获得高纯度CGN培养物的方案和用CNT中毒的简便方法。 我们还说明了评估CNT活性及其抑制的方便方法。

【背景】梭菌神经毒素(CNT)的大家族由破伤风神经毒素(TeNT)和肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)的多种变体形成,它们分别是破伤风和肉毒中毒的神经麻痹毒素(Schiavo et al。,2000; Johnson和Montecucco,2008; Rossetto et al。,2014)。 TeNT,七种BoNT血清型(BoNT / A至/ G)及其许多亚型是金属蛋白酶,通过切割SNARE蛋白(可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子激活蛋白受体),三种必需蛋白质来阻断神经递质的释放而引起神经麻痹。控制突触小泡与突触前质膜的融合(Rossetto et al。,2014; ...

CRISPR-mediated Tagging with BirA Allows Proximity Labeling in Toxoplasma gondii
Author:
Date:
2018-03-20
[Abstract]  Defining protein interaction networks can provide key insights into how protein complexes govern complex biological problems. Here we define a method for proximity based labeling using permissive biotin ligase to define protein networks in the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. When combined with CRISPR/Cas9 based tagging, this method provides a robust approach to defining protein networks. This approach detects interaction within intact cells, it is applicable to both soluble and insoluble components, including large proteins complexes that interact with the cytoskeleton and unique microtubule organizing center that comprises the apical complex in apicomplexan parasites. [摘要]  定义蛋白质相互作用网络可以为蛋白质复合物如何控制复杂的生物学问题提供关键信息 在这里我们定义了一种基于接近度的标记方法,使用宽容的生物素连接酶来定义细胞内寄生虫弓形虫的蛋白质网络。 当与基于CRISPR / Cas9的标记结合使用时,这种方法提供了一种可靠的方法来定义蛋白质网络。 这种方法检测完整细胞内的相互作用,它适用于可溶性和不可溶性成分,包括与细胞骨架相互作用的大型蛋白质复合物和独特的微管组织中心,其中包括顶尖复合体在顶尖复合寄生虫中。

【背景】分析蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用是解决蛋白质如何组装和作为大分子复合物的关键努力。传统上,通过免疫共沉淀(共-IP)和随后的质谱分析已经鉴定出蛋白质复合物。然而,一些蛋白质复合物取代基可能在co-IP的裂解,下拉和洗涤步骤期间人为失去或获得,这对于不溶性膜或需要侵蚀性溶解的结构蛋白质尤其成问题。作为co-IP的替代物,邻近依赖性生物素鉴定(BioID)提供了在正常细胞稳态期间紧邻目标靶蛋白的蛋白质“快照”(Roux等人,2012年)。 BioID利用融合到感兴趣的靶蛋白的混杂的大肠杆菌生物素蛋白连接酶(BirA)。生物素补充使得BirA融合物在30纳米内允许生物素化的近邻生物体(Roux et al。,2012; Van Itallie et al。,2013) ...

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