| Extraction of Small Molecules from Fecal Samples and Testing of Their Activity on Microbial Physiology
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract] The human body is colonized by vast communities of microbes, collectively known as microbiota, or microbiome. Although microbes colonize every surface of our bodies that is exposed to the external environment, the biggest collection of microbes colonizing humans and other mammals can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the fact that the human gut is colonized by several hundred microbial species, our group hypothesized that the chemical diversity of this environment should be significant, and that many of the molecules present in that environment would have important signaling roles. Therefore, we devised a protocol to extract these molecules from human feces and test their signaling properties. Potentially bioactive extracts can be tested through addition to culture medium and ...
[摘要] 人体被巨大的微生物群体统称为微生物群体或微生物群体。尽管微生物在我们身体的每一个暴露于外部环境的表面上定殖，但人类和其他哺乳动物中最大量的微生物可以在胃肠道中找到。鉴于人类肠道已被数百种微生物物种繁殖，我们的团队假设这种环境的化学多样性应该是显着的，并且该环境中存在的许多分子将具有重要的信号传导作用。因此，我们制定了一个协议，从人类粪便中提取这些分子并测试其信号特性。可以通过添加培养基并分析细菌生长和基因表达以及其他性质来测试潜在的生物活性提取物。本文描述的方案提供了一种简便且快速的方法，用于使用肠道沙门氏菌作为模型生物体从粪便样品中提取和测试代谢物。该方案还可以适用于从其他基质如培养的哺乳动物细胞，组织，体液和无菌微生物培养物中提取小分子，并且可以针对各种微生物物种测试所得提取物。
【背景】复杂的微生物群落生活在人类和人类身上，将暴露于外部环境的每个表面都定殖。几十年来，这些社区已经获得了几个教派，其中包括正常的植物群，微生物群和最近的微生物群（Sekirov等人，2010年; ...
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| Isolation and Establishment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly of Human Umbilical Cord
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Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract] Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently considered as ‘medicinal signaling cells’ and a promising resource in regard to cell-based regenerative therapy. Umbilical cord is a human term perinatal tissue which is easily attainable, and a promising source of stem cells with no associated ethical concerns. MSCs have been isolated from different regions of the umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly (WJ) is the gelatinous matrix that surrounds and provides protection to the umbilical cord blood vessels. Being more primitive, MSCs from human umbilical cord exhibit greater proliferative capacity and immunosuppressive ability as compared to adult stem cells which gives them a therapeutic advantage. To meet the requirements for cell therapy, it is important to generate MSCs at a clinical scale by ...
[摘要] 间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）目前被认为是“医药信号传导细胞”，在基于细胞的再生治疗方面是一种很有前景的资源。脐带是人类的围产期组织，很容易实现，是一种有前途的干细胞来源，没有相关的伦理问题。 MSC已经从脐带的不同区域分离出来，而Wharton's果冻（WJ）是包围并提供对脐带血管的保护的凝胶状基质。更原始的是，与成人干细胞相比，来自人脐带的MSC表现出更大的增殖能力和免疫抑制能力，这使其具有治疗优势。为了满足细胞疗法的要求，通过遵循不耗时或劳动强度的步骤来产生临床规模的MSC是重要的。在此我们提出了一种简单，高效的方法，通过外植体培养方法从人脐带WJ中分离出MSC，这种方法具有重现性和成本效益。
【背景】间充质干细胞（MSC）具有显着的临床潜力来治疗各种衰弱性疾病，主要是由于其独特的免疫调节作用和再生能力（Caplan and Sorrell，2015）。它们存在于许多组织中（Hass et al。，2011），并被观察到是血管周围的体内（Caplan和Correa，2011）。来源或来源本身的小生境可能导致各种MSC类型之间的重要功能差异（Kwon等人，2016年）。虽然骨髓是研究得最充分和最好的MSCs来源，但也有一定的局限性（Liu et al。，2016）。 ...
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| Quantification of Chlorophyll as a Proxy for Biofilm Formation in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus
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Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract] A self-suppression mechanism of biofilm development in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was recently reported. These studies required quantification of biofilms formed by mutants impaired in the biofilm-inhibitory process. Here we describe in detail the use of chlorophyll measurements as a proxy for biomass accumulation in sessile and planktonic cells of biofilm-forming strains. These measurements allow quantification of the total biomass as estimated by chlorophyll level and representation of the extent of biofilm formation by depicting the relative fraction of chlorophyll in planktonic cells.
[摘要] 最近报道了蓝细菌聚球蓝细菌PCC 7942中生物膜发育的自我抑制机制。 这些研究需要定量由生物膜抑制过程中受损的突变体形成的生物膜。 在这里，我们详细描述了叶绿素测量作为生物膜形成菌株无菌和浮游细胞中生物量积累的代用途。 这些测量可以通过叶绿素水平估计的总生物量进行定量，并通过描绘浮游细胞中叶绿素的相对分数来表示生物膜形成的程度。
【背景】几个最近发表的研究表明，蓝藻中细胞聚集和生物膜发育的基础的机制的新兴兴趣（Fisher等人，2013; Jittawuttipoka等人，2013; 2014; Enomoto等人，2014; Schwarzkopf等人，2014; Enomoto等人，，2015; Oliveira等人，2015; Agostoni等人，2016; Parnasa等人，2016）。我们最近报道了一种自生物膜抑制机制，其决定了单细胞蓝细菌聚球蓝细菌PCC 7942（Schatz等人，2013; Nagar和Schwarz，2015）的浮游生长）。通过灭活特定基因来消除生物膜抑制过程导致在这种其他浮游菌株（Schatz等人，2013; ...
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