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Sodium hydrogen carbonate

碳酸氢钠

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 106329
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Protein Localization in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 Using Immunofluorescence Labeling
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  Techniques such as immunoflorescence are widely used to determine subcellular distribution of proteins. Here we report on a method to immunolocalize proteins in Anabaena sp. PCC7120 with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies by fluorescence microscopy. This method improves the permeabilization of cyanobacterial cells and minimizes the background fluorescence for non-specific attachments. In this protocol, rabbit antibodies were raised against the synthetic peptide of CyDiv protein (Mandakovic et al., 2016). The secondary antibody conjugated to the fluorophore Alexa488 was used due to its different emission range in comparison to the autofluorescence of the cyanobacterium. [摘要]  诸如免疫荧光的技术被广泛用于确定蛋白质的亚细胞分布。在这里我们报告一种免疫定位蛋白质的方法。 PCC7120通过荧光显微镜检测荧光团结合的抗体。该方法改善了蓝细菌细胞的透化性,并使非特异性附着物的背景荧光最小化。在该方案中,针对CyDiv蛋白质的合成肽(Mandakovic等人,2016)产生兔抗体。使用与荧光团Alexa488缀合的二抗,因为与蓝细菌的自发荧光相比,其发射范围不同。

背景 蓝细菌的免疫荧光已广泛用于细胞鉴定和计数研究(Jin等人,2016)。然而,在蓝细菌中蛋白质的免疫定位尚未有效地实现。定位蛋白质最复发的方法是通过将感兴趣的蛋白质融合到具有不同发射波长的荧光蛋白(绿色荧光蛋白)(与蓝细菌自发荧光相比))以及随后使用落射荧光或共聚焦显微镜(Flores < em,et="" al。,2016;="">
&NBSP;蓝细菌细胞的结构性质是应用免疫荧光技术的主要挑战。它们由内膜(IM),肽聚糖层(PG)和外膜(OM)组成(Rippka,1988; Baulina,2012; Jin等人,2016),附加外多糖层(鞘)。鞘细胞均存在于单细胞和丝状蓝细菌中(Kehr and Dittmann,2015),其厚度,组成和外观取决于生长条件,代谢状态,细胞分化及其他外部和内部参数(Jin et al。 ...

Mimicking Angiogenesis in vitro: Three-dimensional Co-culture of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Perivascular Cells in Collagen Type I Gels
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  Angiogenesis defines the process of formation of new vascular structures form existing blood vessels, involved during development, repair processes like wound healing but also linked to pathological changes. During angiogenic processes, endothelial cells build a vascular network and recruit perivascular cells to form mature, stable vessels. Endothelial cells and perivascular cells secret and assemble a vascular basement membrane and interact via close cell-cell contacts. To mimic these processes in vitro we have developed a versatile three-dimensional culture system where perivascular cells (PVC) are co-cultured with human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a collagen type I gel. This co-culture system can be used to determine biochemical and cellular processes ... [摘要]  血管发生定义了形成现有血管的新血管结构的形成过程,涉及发育过程中的修复过程,如伤口愈合,还与病理变化有关。 在血管生成过程中,内皮细胞建立血管网络并招募血管周围细胞以形成成熟稳定的血管。 内皮细胞和血管周围细胞秘密并组装血管基底膜,并通过细胞间接触进行相互作用。 为了体外模拟这些过程,我们开发了一种通用的三维培养系统,其中血管周围细胞(PVC)与胶原I型凝胶中的人脐带血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)共培养。 这种共培养系统可用于通过广泛的分析选项来确定新生血管生成事件期间的生物化学和细胞过程。
【背景】内皮细胞和血管周围细胞之间的协调相互作用对于根据给定组织内的局部需要形成稳定的血管网是非常重要的。多个分子组分有助于相互作用,但仍然很少了解。需要各种生长因子来吸引内皮细胞到低氧浓度的位点,并建立新的血管,然后被血管周围细胞覆盖。两种细胞类型相互作用以分泌特定的细胞外基质并稳定新形成的血管。在过去已经建立了多个测定法来分析二维基质胶底物上的血管细胞相互作用和血管样网络形成,但是这些测定在三维细胞内提供关于血管内血管周围细胞相互作用和血管基底膜形成的初始步骤的信息是有限的维度微环境。此外,缺乏适合于培养实验的良好表征的血管周围细胞。
我们以前分离出具有血管周围特征的细胞,因为它们表达周细胞特异性标记,产生和分泌细胞外基质蛋白并在体内刺激血管生成过程(Brachvogel等,2005和2007)。这些细胞用于与人脐静脉内皮细胞建立共培养系统,并研究三维微环境中两种细胞类型相互作用后新生血管发生的关键步骤(Pitzler等,2016; ...

Assay of the Carboxylase Activity of Rubisco from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Author:
Date:
2015-12-05
[Abstract]  The performance of the carbon-fixing enzyme, ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39, Rubisco), controls biomass accumulation in green plants, algae and most autotrophic bacteria. In particular, the carboxylase activity of Rubisco incorporates carbon from CO2 to ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) producing two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Here a detailed protocol is given for the assay of the carboxylase activity of Rubisco from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for chloroplast studies and a fitting host for biotechnologically oriented genetic manipulation of the enzyme. Rubisco has to be pre-incubated with Mg2+ ions and bicarbonate to induce the catalytically competent active center (Laing and Christeller, 1976). Once ... [摘要]  碳固定酶,核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC 4.1.1.39,Rubisco)的性能控制绿色植物,藻类和大多数自养细菌中的生物量积累。特别地,Rubisco的羧化酶活性掺入来自CO 2的碳到产生两分子3-磷酸甘油酸的核酮糖1,5-二磷酸(RuBP)。这里给出了用于来自莱茵衣藻的Rubisco的羧化酶活性的测定的详细方案,其是用于叶绿体研究的模式生物体和用于生物技术定向的酶的遗传操作的拟合宿主。 Rubisco必须与Mg 2+离子和碳酸氢盐预孵育以诱导催化活性中心(Laing和Christeller,1976)。一旦Rubisco被活化,本文所述的其羧化酶活性的测定基于将14 C-二氧化碳/碳酸氢盐固定在耐酸放射性中(Lorimer等人, ,1977)。虽然也可以使用分光光度测定法(Lilley和Walker,1974),但是当处理大量样品时,基于放射性底物固定的方法是不可替代的,并且它仍然是最常用于测定Rubisco活性的技术。

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