{{'Search' | translate}}
 

Acetone

丙酮

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 016-00346
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Investigating Localization of Chimeric Transporter Proteins within Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana
Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract]  In this protocol, we describe a method to design chimeric proteins for specific targeting to the inner envelope membrane (IEM) of Arabidopsis chloroplasts and the confirmation of their localization by biochemical analysis. Specific targeting to the chloroplast IEM can be achieved by fusing the protein of interest with a transit peptide and an IEM targeting signal. This protocol makes it possible to investigate the localization of chimeric proteins in chloroplasts using a small number of transgenic plants by using a modified method of chloroplast isolation and fractionation. IEM localization of chimeric proteins can be further assessed by trypsin digestion and alkaline extraction. Here, the localization of the chimeric bicarbonate transporter, designated as SbtAII, is detected by ... [摘要]  在这个协议中,我们描述了一种设计嵌合蛋白的方法,用于特异性靶向拟南芥叶绿体的内包膜(IEM)并通过生化分析确定它们的定位。 叶绿体IEM的特异性靶向可通过将感兴趣的蛋白质与转运肽和IEM靶向信号融合来实现。 这个协议使得有可能使用少量的转基因植物,通过使用修改的叶绿体分离和分离方法来研究嵌合蛋白在叶绿体中的定位。 嵌合蛋白的IEM定位可以通过胰蛋白酶消化和碱性提取进一步评估。 在此,称为SbtAII的嵌合碳酸氢根转运蛋白的定位通过使用针对葡萄球菌蛋白A的抗体进行蛋白质印迹来检测。该方案改编自上原等人,2016年


【背景】有人提出将蓝藻CO 2浓度机制整合到叶绿体中是改善C 3+植物光合作用的有希望的方法。 根据理论估计,将BicA和SbtA整合到叶绿体IEM中可以提高光合CO 2固定率。 我们研究了核编码的蓝细菌碳酸氢盐转运蛋白BicA和SbtA与拟南芥叶绿体的IEM的整合。 因此,我们制定了一个协议,设计嵌合构造为特定目标的IEM和调查嵌合蛋白在叶绿体中的定位。

Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Triacylglycerols of Chlorella kessleri
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are esters formed from one glycerol and three fatty acids. TAGs are induced to accumulate in algal cells under environmental stress conditions including nutrient-limitation, hyperosmosis, and low temperature, for the storage of metabolic energy and carbon, and also for the consumption of excess energy (e.g., Hirai et al., 2016; Hayashi et al., 2017). Beside their physiological significance, the commercial utilization of algal TAG has been expected for the production of biodiesel, the methyl esters of fatty acids, from the aspect of carbon-neutral conception. The amounts of TAGs can be determined through quantitative measurement of their constituent fatty acids. This protocol consists of the following three parts: the first is the ... [摘要]  三酰甘油(TAG)是由一种甘油和三种脂肪酸形成的酯。在包括营养限制,高渗和低温在内的环境胁迫条件下,TAG被诱导积累在藻细胞中,用于代谢能和碳的储存以及多余能量的消耗(例如, Hirai等人,2016; Hayashi等人,2017)。除了它们的生理意义之外,从碳中性概念的角度来看,藻类TAG的商业利用已经被期望用于生产生物柴油,即脂肪酸的甲酯。 TAG的量可以通过定量测定其构成脂肪酸来确定。该方案由以下三部分组成:首先是根据Bligh和Dyer(1959)的方法,使用有机溶剂,氯仿和甲醇从藻细胞中提取总脂质,其次是TAG的分离通过薄层色谱法(TLC)从其他脂质类别中分离出来,第三种是产生其组成型脂肪酸的甲基酯化衍生物,随后通过毛细管气相色谱法(GLC)对其进行定量。该协议改编自Sato和Tsuzuki(2011),用于绿藻的TAG分析, Chlorella kessleri 。

【背景】已经使用几种方法测定TAG的脂肪酸含量。简单而方便的方案包括用脂肪酶处理将TAG转化成甘油,随后通过酶产生与产生颜色或荧光的探针反应的产物测量甘油含量(McGowan等人,1983; ...

Isolation of Chloroplast Inner and Outer Envelope Membranes
Author:
Date:
2015-02-20
[Abstract]  The chloroplast is an important organelle found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. It is enclosed by a pair of closely spaced membranes, the double-membrane envelope, consisting of the inner membrane bounding the matrix or stroma and the outer membrane in contact with the cytoplasm. Like many bio-membranes, the chloroplast envelope plays an important role in mediating the complex interactions between the chloroplast and the cytoplasm. The envelope is also the site of various biosynthetic reactions, including the formation of the galactolipids, which are the major components of both envelope and the thylakoid membranes. The inner and outer envelope membranes have differences in both structure and function. For example, the outer membrane exhibits lower density of intramembranous ... [摘要]  叶绿体是在进行光合作用的植物细胞中发现的重要细胞器。它被一对紧密间隔的膜包围,双膜包膜由包围基质或基质的内膜和与细胞质接触的外膜组成。像许多生物膜一样,叶绿体包膜在介导叶绿体和细胞质之间的复杂相互作用中起重要作用。包膜也是各种生物合成反应的位点,包括半乳糖脂的形成,半乳糖脂是包膜和类囊体膜的主要成分。内封套膜和外封套膜在结构和功能上都有差异。例如,外膜表现出比内膜剂量更低的膜内颗粒密度,表明外膜的蛋白质含量低。此外,外膜对于低分子量化合物是非特异性可渗透的,而内部膜对于这些化合物是不可渗透的,并且包含用于运输代谢物的几种易位体系统。
为了制备包膜,必须首先分离完整的叶绿体。然后通过以下方式分离内外膜:1)蛋白酶处理方法和2)基于外壳更轻且内膜更重的事实的离心方法。两种方法都需要首先分离完整的叶绿体。然而,离心分离可以得到纯的内外封套制剂,因此适合于随后的分析。此外,离心法可以避免在蛋白酶处理期间内皮多肽的破坏,因为一些蛋白酶可以进入内膜。此外,离心方法容易操作并且获得包含较少外部和内部信封膜的粘合区域的完全包封。在这里,我们描述了一种可靠的方法,用于从烟草中分离叶绿体的内和外包膜,这是相对不容易用于包膜分离的植物。

Comments