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Potassium Phosphate Monobasic (White Crystals)

磷酸二氢钾(白色晶体)

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: BP362
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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Bacillus subtilis Genome
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  A fundamental procedure for most modern biologists is the genetic manipulation of the organism under study. Although many different methods for editing bacterial genomes have been used in laboratories for decades, the adaptation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to bacterial genetics has allowed researchers to manipulate bacterial genomes with unparalleled facility. CRISPR/Cas9 has allowed for genome edits to be more precise, while also increasing the efficiency of transferring mutations into a variety of genetic backgrounds. As a result, the advantages are realized in tractable organisms and organisms that have been refractory to genetic manipulation. Here, we describe our method for editing the genome of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Our method is highly efficient, resulting in ... [摘要]  大多数现代生物学家的基本过程是研究生物体的遗传操作。尽管许多不同的方法用于编辑细菌基因组已经在实验室中使用了数十年,但CRISPR / Cas9技术对细菌遗传学的适应使得研究人员能够以无与伦比的设施来操纵细菌基因组。 CRISPR / Cas9允许基因组编辑更精确,同时也提高将突变转移到各种遗传背景的效率。因此,在遗传操作难以处理的易处理生物和生物体中实现了这些优点。在这里,我们描述了我们编辑枯草芽孢杆菌细菌基因组的方法。我们的方法是高效的,导致精确,无标记的突变。此外,在产生编辑质粒之后,可以将突变快速导入几个遗传背景,大大增加可进行遗传分析的速度。

枯草芽孢杆菌是高度易处理的革兰氏阳性菌。遗传研究适用于使用多种载体通过同源重组快速有效地引入突变。尽管有许多不同的方法来引入B突变。 subtilis,每种方法都有其局限性。一种简单而简单的方法,用于在B中进行突变。枯草芽孢杆菌是基因破坏,其中将质粒整合到感兴趣的基因内(Vagner等人,1998)。主要的局限性包括:1)扰乱操纵子的极地作用的潜力; 2)引进和保留外来DNA; 3)一旦使用抗生素耐药性盒,如果在其他突变的背景下研究给定的突变,则研究者必须使用不同的盒;和4)该方法限于靶向整个基因,并且不能产生更精确的点突变。 ...

Determination of the in vitro Sporulation Frequency of Clostridium difficile
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  The anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen, Clostridium difficile, persists within the environment and spreads from host-to-host via its infectious form, the spore. To effectively study spore formation, the physical differentiation of vegetative cells from spores is required to determine the proportion of spores within a population of C. difficile. This protocol describes a method to accurately enumerate both viable vegetative cells and spores separately and subsequently calculate a sporulation frequency of a mixed C. difficile population from various in vitro growth conditions (Edwards et al., 2016b). [摘要]  厌氧,胃肠道病原体,艰难梭菌在环境中持续存在,并通过其感染形式,孢子从宿主到宿主传播。为了有效地研究孢子形成,需要从孢子中进行营养细胞的物理分化以确定在C群体内孢子的比例。艰难的。该方案描述了分别精确地枚举活的营养细胞和孢子的方法,并随后计算混合的孢子形成频率。来自各种体外生长条件(Edwards等人,2016b)的难治性群体。

背景 孢子形成是一个复杂的发育过程,导致代谢休眠孢子的形成。 C的物理性质。艰难的孢子形式提供了许多环境胁迫和消毒剂的内在抵抗,允许其在宿主之外的长期生存(参见:Paredes-Sabja等人,2014年)。区分营养细胞和C孢子。已经开发了利用孢子的物理和抗性属性的各种技术,包括短时间暴露于湿热或乙醇(Burns等人,2010; Lawley& et al。,2010; Edwards等人,2014)。然而,根据C的应变,这些技术可能不经意地对孢子造成长期损害。难以测试,导致恢复率不准确。在这里,我们描述了使用比以前描述的较低浓度的乙醇(40%以下的乙醇)的优化方法以消除异质C中的所有营养细胞。艰难梭菌群体,而不降低孢子的生存力。该技术为量化C提供了高度可重现性和较不可变的结果。难产孢子孢子形成。

Paper Roll Culture and Assessment of Maize Root Parameters
Author:
Date:
2016-09-20
[Abstract]  Selection for genotypes with a vigorous root system could enhance the adaptation of maize under water and nutrient deficit soils. Although extensive genetic variation for root architecture has been reported (Kumar et al., 2012; Abdel-Ghani et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2014; Pace et al., 2015), root traits have been seldom considered as selection criteria to improve yield in maize, mainly because characterization of root morphology in the field is laborious, inaccurate and time consuming (Tuberosa and Salvi, 2007). Characterization of root traits under hydroponic conditions in this case has the advantage of screening a high number of genotypes in a small space (in a growth chamber) within a short period of time (2-3 weeks). Thus, it saves the time and ... [摘要]  对象上下文(OIC)任务是广泛使用的对象识别(OR)任务的变体(Dix和Aggleton,1999)。 OIC任务利用啮齿动物具有探索新环境和物体的自然倾向的事实。海马似乎在OIC任务中发挥重要作用(比原始OR任务更重要),其中动物应该能够区分两个熟悉的对象,其中一个在与训练试验不同的背景下(Ennaceur和Aggleton,1997; Bermudez-Rattoni等人,2005; Albasser等人,2009; Roozendaal等人, 2010; Banks等人,2014; Bermudez-Rattoni,2014)。识别存储器包括多个附加组件,诸如项目与其上下文,地点等的关联。 (Bussey ,1999,2000)。在这里,我们基于早期的报告(Dix和Aggleton,1999; Eacott和Norman,2004; Balderas等人,2008; Barsegyan等人)描述了小鼠中OIC任务的一个版本。,2014; Kanatsou 等人,2015a; Kanatsou 等人,2015b)。...

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