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NaOH

氢氧化钠

Company: NACALAI TESQUE
Catalog#: 31511-05
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Live Cell FRET Analysis of the Conformational Changes of Human P-glycoprotein
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

The molecular mechanisms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; also known as MDR1 or ABCB1) have been mainly investigated using artificial membranes such as lipid-detergent mixed micelles, artificial lipid bilayers, and membrane vesicles derived from cultured cells. Although these in vitro experiments help illustrate details about the molecular mechanisms of P-gp, they do not reflect physiological membrane environments in terms of lateral pressure, curvature, constituent lipid species, etc. The protocol presented here includes a detailed guide for analyzing the conformational change of human P-gp in living HEK293 cells by using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), in which excitation of the donor fluorophore is transferred to the acceptor without emission of a photon when two

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[摘要]  [摘要] P-糖蛋白(P-gp;也称为MDR1或ABCB1)的分子机制已主要使用人造膜进行研究,例如脂质去污剂混合胶束,人造脂质双层和源自培养细胞的膜囊泡。尽管这些体外实验有助于阐明有关P-gp分子机制的细节,但它们在侧向压力,曲率,脂质成分等方面并未反映出生理膜环境。 此处提供的协议包括一个详细的指南,该指南用于通过使用分子内荧光共振能量转移(FRET)分析活HEK293细胞中人P-gp的构象变化,其中供体荧光团的激发被转移到受体上而不发射光子当两个荧光蛋白非常接近时。将FRET分析与膜通透性相结合,可以在活细胞中评估小分子(如核苷酸)对构象变化的贡献。

[背景] P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的是ATP驱动药转运该压出各种疏水有毒化合物到细胞外空间。P-gp由形成底物转运途径的两个跨膜结构域(TMD)和结合并水解ATP的两个核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)组成。传输至少需要两个P-gp状态。在向内(药物转运前)构型中,两个NBD分开,两个TMD向细胞内侧开放;在向外(药物转运)构象中,NBD是二聚体的,而TMD在细胞外侧略微开放(Kodan et al。,2020 )。自从发现P-gp (Juliano和Ling,1976; Chen等,1986; Ueda等,1986 ...

CENP-C Phosphorylation by CDK1 in vitro
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  

Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis requires the kinetochore, a large protein complex, which makes a linkage between chromosomes and spindle microtubes. An essential kinetochore component, CENP-C, is phosphorylated by Cyclin-B-Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) that is a master kinase for mitotic progression, promoting proper kinetochore assembly during mitosis. Here, we describe an in vitro CDK1 kinase assay to detect CENP-C phosphorylation using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE without radiolabeled ATP. Our protocol has advantages in ease and safety over conventional phosphorylation assays using [γ-32P]-ATP, which has potential hazards despite their better sensitivity. The protocol described here can be applicable to other kinases and be also useful for analysis of phospho-sites in

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[摘要]  [摘要]在有丝分裂过程中,准确的染色体分离需要动线粒体(一种大型蛋白复合物),使染色体与纺锤体微管之间形成联系。必需的线粒体成分CENP-C被细胞周期蛋白B-细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)磷酸化,该激酶是有丝分裂进程的主要激酶,在有丝分裂过程中促进适当的线粒体组装。在这里,我们描述了一种体外CDK1激酶测定法,可使用Phos -tag SDS-PAGE检测CENP-C磷酸化而无放射性ATP 。ø乌尔协议具有使用[γ-在容易且安全优于常规磷酸化试验的优点32 P] -ATP ,其具有潜在危险,尽管其敏感性更高。该协议describ编这里可以适用于其他激酶并且也用于在基板磷酸位点的分析是有用的体外。


[背景]细胞周期蛋白-B细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)是有丝分裂的主要调节剂,其磷酸化许多靶标以确保有丝分裂的进展(Nurse,1990 ; Malumbres and Barbacid ,2005 )。在有丝分裂期间,携带遗传信息的染色体被平均分为两个子细胞。线粒体是关键的大蛋白复合物,通过在染色体和纺锤体微管之间架桥来确保忠实的染色体分离(Fukagawa和Earnshaw,2014)。组成动线粒的各种蛋白质被CDK1磷酸化(Gascoigne等人,2013; Nishino等人,2013; Hara等人,2018b; ...

A Procedure for Precise Determination of Glutathione Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Author:
Date:
2018-06-20
[Abstract]  In bioproduction, yields of products must be calculated precisely for accurate evaluation of various fermentation conditions. To evaluate productivity of microorganisms, product amounts per unit of medium volume (e.g., mg-product/L-broth), and/or product amounts per unit of a microorganism amount (e.g., mg-product/mg-dry cell weight) are often used. Nonetheless, detailed procedures for calculation of these production yields are often omitted in research articles, whereas methods for product quantification are described well. Here, we describe a detailed calculation procedure from our previous studies on glutathione production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This procedure can be applied to various other products and microorganisms, and therefore, may prove to be ... [摘要]  在生物生产中,必须精确计算产品的产量,以准确评估各种发酵条件。 为了评估微生物的生产力,每单位培养基体积的产物量(例如,mg-产物/ L-肉汤)和/或每单位微生物量的产物量(例如, ,毫克产品/毫克干细胞重量)经常使用。 尽管如此,在研究文章中常常忽略用于计算这些产量的详细程序,而产品量化的方法则被很好地描述。 在这里,我们描述了我们以前关于酿酒酵母产生谷胱甘肽的研究的详细计算过程。 该程序可以应用于各种其他产品和微生物,因此可能证明可用于各种其他生物生产研究。

【背景】谷胱甘肽是所有生物体中含量最高的含巯基三肽,并且作为在细胞中具有不同作用的生物活性物质起作用,例如作为氧化还原和解毒剂。因此,谷胱甘肽如今被广泛用于医疗,食品和化妆品行业,并且近年来需求增加。谷胱甘肽在工业上主要通过使用原始含有高浓度谷胱甘肽的酿酒酵母进行发酵生产,并且已经作为安全的食品生产微生物。对各种微生物中的微生物谷胱甘肽产生的研究在未来将变得更加重要。为了评估各种微生物发酵产生谷胱甘肽的效率,我们在这里描述了我们详细的样品制备程序,高效色谱(HPLC)定量还原和氧化谷胱甘肽的方法,以及两种产量的计算方法(Hara ) 2012; Hara等人,2015; Kiriyama等人,2013; Kobayashi等人 2017年)。

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