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Phenazine methosulfate

吩嗪硫酸甲酯

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P9625
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Separation of Plant 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (6PGDH) Isoforms by Non-denaturing Gel Electrophoresis
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH; EC 1.1.1.44) catalyzes the third and irreversible reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of the 6-phosphogluconate to yield ribulose-5-phosphate, carbon dioxide and NADPH. In higher plants, 6PGDH has several subcellular localizations including cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes (Corpas et al., 1998; Krepinsky et al., 2001; Mateos et al., 2009; Fernández-Fernández and Corpas, 2016; Hölscher et al., 2016). Using Arabidopsis thaliana as plant model and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits as a plant with agronomical interest, this protocol illustrates how to prepare the plant extracts for the separation of the potential ... [摘要]  6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6PGDH; EC 1.1.1.44)催化戊糖磷酸途径(PPP)的第三次和不可逆反应。它进行6-磷酸葡萄糖酸盐的氧化脱羧,得到核酮糖-5-磷酸,二氧化碳和NADPH。在高等植物中,6PGDH具有几种亚细胞定位,包括细胞质,叶绿体,线粒体和过氧化物酶体(Corpas et al。,1998; Krepinsky等人,2001; Mateos et al。,2009;Fernández-Fernándezand Corpas,2016;Hölscher等人,2016)。使用拟南芥作为植物模型和甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)作为具有农业兴趣的植物的水果,该方案说明如何制备植物提取物用于分离通过在6%聚丙烯酰胺非变性凝胶上电泳可能的6PGDH同种型。因此,该方法允许检测在拟南芥幼苗中的三种6PGDH同种型和甜椒果实中的两种6PGDH同种型。
【背景】非变性凝胶电泳是一种强大的技术,可以分离天然蛋白质。 它们的移动性取决于蛋白质的大小,形状和净电荷。 在这些分析条件下,蛋白质保留了其活性,并结合特定的染色方法,可以分离潜在同种型的存在。 在超氧化物歧化酶家族的情况下,广泛应用这种方法。 然而,据我们所知,没有多少论文分析植物组织中6PGDH活性的不同同工型的存在(Corpas等人,1998; Mateos等人。 ,2009)。 ...

Quantitative Determination of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  Cyanobacteria synthesize a variety of chemically-different, high-value biopolymers such as glycogen (polyglucose), poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), cyanophycin (polyamide of arginine and aspartic acid) and volutin (polyphosphate) under excess conditions. Especially under unbalanced C to N ratios, glycogen and in some cyanobacterial genera also PHB are massively accumulated in the progression of the general nitrogen stress response. Several different technologies have been established for in situ and in vitro PHB analysis from different microbial sources. In this protocol, a rapid and reliable spectrophotometric method is described for PHB quantification in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 upon nitrogen deprivation as described in (Damrow et ... [摘要]  蓝细菌合成各种化学上不同的高价值生物聚合物,如糖原(polyglucose),poly-β-β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB),蓝藻素(精氨酸和天冬氨酸的聚酰胺)和挥发物(多磷酸盐) 在超额条件下。 特别是在不平衡的C至N比下,糖原和一些蓝藻属中,PHB在一般氮应激反应进程中大量积累。 已经针对不同微生物来源的原位实验和/或从体外分析,建立了几种不同的技术。 在该协议中,描述了用于蓝藻(Stechocystis)的PHB定量的快速可靠的分光光度法。 如(Damrow等人,2016)中描述的氮缺乏的PCC 6803。
【背景】非重氮营养蓝细菌,例如集胞藻(Synechocystis) PCC 6803通过漂白来解决缺乏组合的氮源,这是一种被称为褪绿的过程(Allen和Smith,1969)。这种驯化反应的特征在于四个主要的结构和形态变化:(i)类囊体层之间的电子致密糖原夹杂物(直径约40nm)的大量积累伴随着(ii)藻糖酵母天线复合物的降解, (iii)类囊体膜层的拆卸,包括数量减少和包装密度,和(iv)形成不同的电子透明PHB颗粒(直径约400-500nm)(Damrow等人,2016)。由于不存在分解代谢酶和PHB缺陷型突变体的明显表型,所以在几种物种中合成的蓝细菌PHB代谢的生理功能是相当不透明的(Beck等人,2012; van ,2010; Damrow等人,2016; ...

Infectious Virus Yield Assay for Hepatitis E Virus
Author:
Date:
2014-08-05
[Abstract]  Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. Infections are particularly severe in pregnant women and chronic hepatitis E is known to occur in immunocompromised patients. Current therapy (ribavirin or pegylated alpha interferon) has severe side effects and cannot be employed in all patients. In order to evaluate potential new inhibitors of HEV replication, a virus yield assay can be employed in which the amount of viral RNA progeny released into the culture medium is quantified by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (Debing et al., 2014).
[摘要]  戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是全世界急性肝炎的主要原因之一。 感染在孕妇中特别严重,已知慢性戊型肝炎发生在免疫受损的患者中。 目前的治疗(利巴韦林或聚乙二醇化α干扰素)具有严重的副作用,不能用于所有患者。 为了评估潜在的新的HEV复制抑制剂,可以使用病毒产量测定法,其中释放到培养基中的病毒RNA子代的量通过逆转录定量PCR(RT-qPCR)(Debing等人, al 。,2014)。

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