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Ethidium bromide 10 mg/ml

溴化乙锭溶液

Company: Bio-Rad Laboratories
Catalog#: 1610433
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In vitro assessment of ivermectin resistance and gene expression profiles of P-glycoprotein genes from Haemonchus contortus (L3)
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Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract]  The aim of the present protocol is to improve the methodology to identify resistance to ivermectin (IVM), one of the main anthelmintic drugs against parasitic nematodes of ruminants, using the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus as biological model. The infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus are frequently selected to perform in vitro and molecular assays to analyze problems with drug resistance. This protocol describes the procedures to conserve the integrity and quality of H. contortus larvae in different experimental assays. Two nematode isolates, resistant and susceptible to IVM, are compared to estimate the lethal effect using IVM at 1.43, 2.85, 5.71 and 11.42 mM dilutions in the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 to conserve the ... [摘要]  [摘要]本协议的目的是使用血液喂养的线虫Haemonchus contortus作为生物学模型,改进鉴定对伊维菌素(IVM)的抗药性的方法,伊维菌素是针对反刍动物寄生线虫的主要驱虫药之一。的感染性幼虫(L 3 )的捻转血矛线虫,经常选择为PE rform体外和分子测定来分析与药物抗性的问题。该协议描述了保存捻转血吸虫完整性和质量的程序幼虫在不同的实验分析中。比较了两种对IVM具有抗药性和易感性的线虫分离物,以在非离子型清洁剂Triton X-100中以1.43、2.85、5.71和11.42 mM的IVM稀释度评估IVM的致死作用,以保留实验期间对照幼虫的活性。 (从24小时到72小时)。在过去的几十年中,使用IVM和其他驱虫药诊断的重要性要求确认易感菌株以评估最佳控制策略。中号矿石诊断的灵敏的方法是亲通过PCR技术和其他分子工具,如测序vided。在该方案中,使用10个主要的P-糖蛋白基因(1、2、3、4、9、10 ,11、12、14和16),使用逆转录和实时PCR(RT-qPCR),在与易受IVM侵害的线虫分离株相比,确认了捻转嗜血杆菌对IVM的抵抗力。

[背景] d ...

Advanced Design of Minimalistic Dumbbell-shaped Gene Expression Vectors
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Minimal DNA vectors exclusively comprising therapeutically relevant sequences hold great promise for the development of novel therapeutic regimen. Dumbbell-shaped vectors represent non-viral non-integrating DNA minimal vectors which have entered an advanced stage of clinical development (Hardee et al., 2017). Spliceable introns and DNA nuclear import signals such as SV40 enhancer sequences are molecular features that have found multiple applications in plasmid vectors to improve transgene expression. In dumbbells however, effects triggered by introns were not investigated and DNA-based nuclear import sequences have not found applications yet, presumably because dumbbell vectors have continuously been minimized with regard to size. We investigated the effects of an intron and/or ... [摘要]  唯一包含治疗相关序列的最小DNA载体对于新型治疗方案的发展具有很大的希望。哑铃型载体代表已经进入临床发展的晚期阶段的非病毒非整合DNA最小载体(Hardee等人,2017)。可接合的内含子和DNA核输入信号如SV40增强子序列是在质粒载体中发现多个应用以改善转基因表达的分子特征。然而,在哑铃中,由内含子引发的效应未被研究,基于DNA的核导入序列尚未发现应用,可能是因为哑铃载体在尺寸上不断被最小化。我们调查内含子和/或SV40增强子衍生序列对哑铃载体驱动的报告基因表达的影响。发现可拼接内含子的实现在所有研究的细胞系中无条件地增强基因表达。相反,SV40增强子的使用改善了细胞类型依赖性的基因表达。虽然这两个特征显着增加哑铃载体大小,但内含子和增强子或两者的组合都不会对基因表达产生负面影响。相反,与质粒或对照哑铃相比,这两个特征在一起改善了哑铃驱动的基因表达,高达160-或56倍。因此,强烈建议考虑用于哑铃矢量设计的内含子和SV40增强子。这种先进的设计可以促进哑铃型DNA载体的临床前和临床应用。
【背景】虽然许多基因已经使用哑铃形DNA载体表达,但大多数这些应用使用包括启动子,编码序列(CDS)和转录终止子的基本设计。一些载体包括嵌合内含子,然而,没有报道通过这种设计增强了转基因表达(Schirmbeck等人,2001)。在这里,我们研究了分子特征引发的效应,这些特征经常在哑铃驱动基因表达的质粒设计中得到应用:1.已知来自人β-珠蛋白基因剪接的嵌合内含子促进RNA加工,核出口,随后基因表达(Luo ...

Formation of Minimised Hairpin Template-transcribing Dumbbell Vectors for Small RNA Expression
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  A major barrier for using non-viral vectors for gene therapy is the short duration of transgene expression in postmitotic tissues. Previous studies showed transgene expression from conventional plasmid fell to sub-therapeutic level shortly after delivery even though the vector DNA was retained, suggesting transcription was silenced in vivo (Nicol et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2004). Emerging evidence indicates that plasmid bacterial backbone sequences are responsible for the transcriptional repression and this process is independent of CpG methylation (Chen et al., 2008). Dumbbell-shaped DNA vectors consisting solely of essential elements for transgene expression have been developed to circumvent these drawbacks. This novel non-viral vector has been shown ... [摘要]  使用非病毒载体进行基因治疗的主要障碍是在postmitotic组织中转基因表达的持续时间短。以前的研究表明,即使载体DNA被保留,传代质粒的转基因表达也在递送后不久就下降到亚治疗水平,提示转录在体内沉默(Nicol等人)。 ,2002; Chen等人,2004)。新出现的证据表明质粒细菌骨架序列负责转录抑制,该过程与CpG甲基化无关(Chen等人,2008)。仅开发了用于转基因表达的必需元件的哑铃型DNA载体已被开发出来,以规避这些缺点。已经显示这种新的非病毒载体在体外和体内改善转基因表达(Schakowski等人,2001和2007)。在这里我们描述一种快速有效地生产最小化的表达小RNA的哑铃载体的新方法。简言之,将PCR扩增的启动子序列连接到化学合成的发夹RNA编码DNA模板以形成共价闭合的哑铃载体。这种新技术可以促进哑铃型载体用于临床前研究和人类基因治疗的应用。

背景 关于递送,小的载体大小有利地改善细胞外转运,包括通过细胞外基质网络的外渗和扩散以及细胞摄取和核扩散。已经开发了各种哑铃载体生产方法,包括产生表达小RNA的哑铃的方法,例如小发夹RNA(shRNA)和微小RNA(miRNA)(Schakowski等人,2001; ...

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