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Proteose peptone

蛋白胨

Company: BD
Catalog#: 211684
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Determination of the in vitro Sporulation Frequency of Clostridium difficile
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  The anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen, Clostridium difficile, persists within the environment and spreads from host-to-host via its infectious form, the spore. To effectively study spore formation, the physical differentiation of vegetative cells from spores is required to determine the proportion of spores within a population of C. difficile. This protocol describes a method to accurately enumerate both viable vegetative cells and spores separately and subsequently calculate a sporulation frequency of a mixed C. difficile population from various in vitro growth conditions (Edwards et al., 2016b). [摘要]  厌氧,胃肠道病原体,艰难梭菌在环境中持续存在,并通过其感染形式,孢子从宿主到宿主传播。为了有效地研究孢子形成,需要从孢子中进行营养细胞的物理分化以确定在C群体内孢子的比例。艰难的。该方案描述了分别精确地枚举活的营养细胞和孢子的方法,并随后计算混合的孢子形成频率。来自各种体外生长条件(Edwards等人,2016b)的难治性群体。

背景 孢子形成是一个复杂的发育过程,导致代谢休眠孢子的形成。 C的物理性质。艰难的孢子形式提供了许多环境胁迫和消毒剂的内在抵抗,允许其在宿主之外的长期生存(参见:Paredes-Sabja等人,2014年)。区分营养细胞和C孢子。已经开发了利用孢子的物理和抗性属性的各种技术,包括短时间暴露于湿热或乙醇(Burns等人,2010; Lawley& et al。,2010; Edwards等人,2014)。然而,根据C的应变,这些技术可能不经意地对孢子造成长期损害。难以测试,导致恢复率不准确。在这里,我们描述了使用比以前描述的较低浓度的乙醇(40%以下的乙醇)的优化方法以消除异质C中的所有营养细胞。艰难梭菌群体,而不降低孢子的生存力。该技术为量化C提供了高度可重现性和较不可变的结果。难产孢子孢子形成。

Separation and Detection of Phosphorylated and Nonphosphorylated BvgA, a Bordetella pertussis Response Regulator, in vivo and in vitro
Author:
Date:
2013-11-20
[Abstract]  Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in signal transduction in bacteria. However, separation and detection of the phosphorylated protein from its nonphosphorylated form remain challenging. Here we describe a method to detect phosphorylation of the Bordetella pertussis response regulator BvgA, which is phosphorylated at an aspartate residue (Boulanger et al., 2013). This method is based on the proprietary adduct, Phos-tagTM, a dinuclear metal complex, which together with Zn2+ or Mn2+, forms a complex with a phosphomonoesterdianion, such as the phosphorylated aspartate of a response regulator (Barbieri and Stock, 2008; Kinoshita and Kinoshita-Kikuta, 2011). For in vivo detection, B. pertussis cells are lysed in ... [摘要]  蛋白质磷酸化在细菌的信号转导中起着中心作用。然而,从其非磷酸化形式分离和检测磷酸化蛋白仍然是挑战性的。在这里我们描述了检测百日咳博德特氏菌响应调节剂BvgA的磷酸化的方法,其在天冬氨酸残基被磷酸化(Boulanger等人,2013)。该方法基于专有的加合物Phos-tag TM sup/TM,其是双核金属络​​合物,其与Zn 2+或Mn 2+反应, ,与磷酸二酯酶形成复合物,例如应答调节剂的磷酸化天冬氨酸(Barbieri和Stock,2008; Kinoshita和Kinoshita-Kikuta,2011)。对于体内检测,在4℃下在轻度甲酸中裂解百日咳细胞以使磷酸 - 天冬氨酸键的破坏最小化,并且通过包含Phos标签的电泳(SDS-PAGE)将磷酸化的BvgA从其非磷酸化形式分离> TM 。随后通过蛋白质印迹分析检测两种形式的BvgA。还容易实现在体外用乙酰磷酸盐处理后形成的磷酸化BvgA的水平的量化。因此,该技术允许容易地评估B中BvgA磷酸化的水平。百日咳和 。大肠杆菌在不同实验室条件下在体内或在不同反应条件下在体外磷酸化后(本研究部分由NIH的Intramural Research Programme支持, NIDDK)。

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