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Dulbecco's Modification of Eagles Medium (DMEM)

Dulbecco''s Modification of Eagles Medium(DMEM)

Company: Mediatech
Catalog#: 10-017-CV
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Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV)-based Coronavirus Spike-pseudotyped Particle Production and Infection
Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract]  Viral pseudotyped particles (pp) are enveloped virus particles, typically derived from retroviruses or rhabdoviruses, that harbor heterologous envelope glycoproteins on their surface and a genome lacking essential genes. These synthetic viral particles are safer surrogates of native viruses and acquire the tropism and host entry pathway characteristics governed by the heterologous envelope glycoprotein used. They have proven to be very useful tools used in research with many applications, such as enabling the study of entry pathways of enveloped viruses and to generate effective gene-delivery vectors. The basis for their generation lies in the capacity of some viruses, such as murine leukemia virus (MLV), to incorporate envelope glycoproteins of other viruses into a pseudotyped virus ... [摘要]  病毒假型颗粒(pp)是包膜病毒颗粒,通常来自逆转录病毒或弹状病毒,在其表面上携带异源性包膜糖蛋白和缺乏必需基因的基因组。这些合成的病毒颗粒是天然病毒的更安全的替代品并且获得由所使用的异源性包膜糖蛋白控制的嗜性和宿主进入途径特征。它们已被证明是用于具有许多应用的研究中非常有用的工具,例如使得能够研究包膜病毒的进入途径并产生有效的基因递送载体。它们的产生的基础在于一些病毒如鼠白血病病毒(MLV)的能力,以将其他病毒的包膜糖蛋白掺入假型病毒颗粒中。这些可以被工程化以包含报道基因例如荧光素酶,使得能够在易感细胞的假型粒子感染时定量病毒进入事件。在这里,我们详细说明使用中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)尖峰(S)作为待并入的异源包膜糖蛋白的实例,能够产生基于MLV的假型包装颗粒的方案。我们还描述了这些颗粒如何用于感染易感细胞并通过荧光素酶测定进行定量感染性读数。
关键词:假型颗粒,鼠白血病病毒,包膜糖蛋白,冠状病毒,

[背景] ...

Quantitative Measurements of HIV-1 and Dextran Capture by Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells (MDDCs)
Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract]  The aim of this protocol is to describe how to measure and quantify the amount of HIV-1 particles and dextran molecules internalized in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), using three different techniques: flow cytometry, quantitative PCR and confocal microscopy. [摘要]  本协议的目的是描述如何使用三种不同的技术:流式细胞术,定量PCR和共聚焦显微镜来测量和量化人类单核细胞衍生树突细胞(MDDCs)中内在的HIV-1颗粒和葡聚糖分子的量。

[背景] 开发此协议是为了评估在人单核细胞衍生的树突细胞中肌动蛋白成核破坏时HIV-1内化的变化。在shRNA筛选后,识别对于HIV-1从树突状细胞转移到T细胞重要的基因,我们观察到肌动蛋白成核的中断导致从富含肌动蛋白的树突到水泡的转变,由于过量的肌动球蛋白收缩。结果,观察到HIV-1转移的减少和由于水泡收缩驱动的巨噬细胞增多引起的HIV-1内化的增加。我们的结论是,肌动蛋白成核和稳定的效应器是维持艾滋病毒1对肌动蛋白丰富的树突和限制其内吞作用,有效转移到T淋巴细胞的关键(Menager和Littman,2016)。

Macrophage Polarization by Tumor-induced MDSCs Assay
Author:
Date:
2016-08-20
[Abstract]  Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a subset of granulocytes (immature myeloid cells) that exploit a variety of mechanism to modulate the innate and adaptive immune system. MDSCs are present normally in the body, but their numbers increase during inflammation and in cancer, promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition to MDSCs, macrophages also play an important role during cancer development. There are two subsets of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs): M1 and M2. M1 are “anti-tumor” macrophages that are activated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and/or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and secrete high amount of interleukin 12 (IL-12) thereby inducing a Th1 anti-tumor immune response. M2 or “pro-tumorigenic” macrophages are activated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 ... [摘要]  骨髓衍生的抑制细胞(MDSC)是粒细胞(未成熟​​骨髓细胞)的子集,其利用多种机制调节先天和适应性免疫系统。 MDSC通常存在于体内,但它们的数量在炎症和癌症期间增加,从而促进免疫抑制微环境。除了MDSC,巨噬细胞也在癌症发展中发挥重要作用。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)有两个亚类:M1和M2。 M1是由干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和/或脂多糖(LPS)活化并分泌大量白细胞介素12(IL-12)从而诱导Th1抗肿瘤免疫应答的"抗肿瘤"巨噬细胞。 M2或"致肿瘤发生"巨噬细胞被白介素4(IL-4)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)激活并分泌大量的IL-10,这促进肿瘤进展(Gabrilovich等人, 。,2012)。在肿瘤微环境中MDSC和巨噬细胞之间的相互作用显示增强这些亚群介导的免疫抑制。 MDSC通过产生IL-10而影响TAM,其继而诱导IL-12的下调并将M1极化为M2巨噬细胞。在我们的研究中,我们使用以下方案来评价肿瘤诱导的MDSC将LPS活化的M1极化为M2巨噬细胞的能力(Vences-Catalan等人,2015)。该方案改编自先前的研究(Sinha等人,2007)。

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