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EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate, Molecular Biology Grade

EDTA

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 324503
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Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana Plants with Potato Virus X (PVX)
Author:
Date:
2016-12-20
[Abstract]  Potato Virus X (PVX) is the type member of Potexvirus genus, a group of plant viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome (~6.4 kb). PVX is able to establish compatible infections in Nicotiana benthamiana, a commonly used host in plant virology, leading to mild symptoms, such as chlorotic mosaic and mottling. PVX has been widely used as a viral vector for more than two decades (Chapman et al., 1992; Baulcombe et al., 1995; Aguilar et al., 2015). It provides a feasible means for the systemic expression in plants of heterologous proteins, such as avirulence factors, proteins with pharmacological properties, etc., (Hammond-Kosack et al., 1995; Gleba et al., 2014), and also as a tool to help decipher the function ... [摘要]  马铃薯病毒X(PVX)是Potexvirus属(一组具有正链RNA基因组(〜6.4kb)的植物病毒)的类型成员。 PVX能够在烟草烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)中建立相容的感染,这是常用于植物病毒学的宿主,导致轻度症状,如褪色马赛克和斑驳。 PVX已经被广泛用作病毒载体二十多年(Chapman等人,1992; Baulcombe等人,1995; Aguilar等人。它为异源蛋白质植物中的全身表达提供了可行的手段,例如无毒性因子,具有药理学性质的蛋白质,等等(Hammond-Kosack等人, 1995; Gleba等人,2014),并且还作为通过病毒诱导的基因沉默(VACS)(Lacomme和Chapman,2008)帮助解释植物中基因功能的工具。摩擦(A)和农用过滤(B)的两种不同的方案,即允许PVX在N中的有效乘法和传播。本文详细描述本文。摩擦方法需要先前感染的液体,并且通过诱导对叶组织的机械损伤来实现感染,从而允许病毒颗粒穿透植物表面。农杆菌过滤需要先前修饰的农杆菌携带并将PVX序列递送到植物细胞中。将土壤杆菌生长直至饱和,并用注射器将其浸入植物组织中建立感染。这两种方法中的任何一种都可以成功应用,选择应主要基于材料和时间的可用性,但建议在使用嵌合病毒时使用农杆菌滤过。

背景 ...

Small-scale Subcellular Fractionation with Sucrose Step Gradient
Author:
Date:
2014-06-05
[Abstract]  Here, we introduce the protocol for small-scale and simple subcellular fractionation used in our recent publication (Taguchi et al., 2013), which uses homogenization by passing through needles and sucrose step-gradient.

Subcellular fractionation is a very useful technique but usually a large number of cells are required. Because we needed subcellular fractionation of transiently-transfected cells, we developed a protocol for smaller numbers of cells. Our protocol for the subcellular fractionation is based on the protocol published by de Araújo and Huber (de Araujo et al., 2007), although substantial modifications have been made according to our experiences and information from personal communications. As optimal conditions seem to vary between cell lines, we ...
[摘要]  在这里,我们介绍了在我们最近的出版物(Taguchi等人,2013)中使用的用于小规模和简单的亚细胞分离的方案,其通过穿过针和蔗糖梯度梯度使用匀浆。
亚细胞分离是一种非常有用的技术,但通常需要大量的细胞。因为我们需要瞬时转染细胞的亚细胞分离,我们开发了用于较小数量细胞的方案。我们的用于亚细胞分级的方案基于deAraújo和Huber(de Araujo等人,2007)公布的方案,尽管根据我们的经验和来自个人通信的信息进行了实质性的修改。由于最佳条件似乎在细胞系之间不同,我们建议进一步修改方案以优化个别实验。我们的方法很简单,但足以分析通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇或其他脂质锚例如朊病毒蛋白锚定到细胞器的内在膜蛋白或蛋白质。然而,非共价连接到膜或细胞器的膜蛋白的蛋白质似乎更容易在制备过程中从细胞器中解离,并且如果这些蛋白质是研究的目的,则可能需要进一步的修饰。
不同于连续梯度,其中感兴趣的蛋白质分散在宽范围内,步梯度分级分离在小规模实验中检测相对少量的蛋白质是有利的,因为它将感兴趣的蛋白质浓缩如果使用蔗糖浓度的适当组合。

Small-scale Triton X-114 Extraction of Hydrophobic Proteins
Author:
Date:
2014-06-05
[Abstract]  Here we introduce a protocol for Triton X-114 extraction which we used in our recently-published paper (Taguchi et al., 2013). It is a versatile method to concentrate or partially purify hydrophobic proteins. The presented protocol is based on the protocol published by Bordier (Bordier, 1981) but more simplified and down-scaled for more small-scale and simpler use (Taguchi et al., 2013).

Triton X-114 (TX114) is a non-ionic detergent which has a relatively low clouding point at 22 °C and separates into detergent (Det) and aqueous (Aq) phase at temperatures above the clouding point. During phase separation, hydrophobic solutes in the TX114 solution are sequestered to the Det phase, while hydrophilic solutes are sequestered to the Aq phase. Utilizing this ...
[摘要]  在这里我们介绍一个Triton X-114提取的协议,我们在我们最近发表的论文中使用它(Taguchi等人,2013年)。它是集中或部分纯化疏水蛋白的通用方法。所提出的协议基于由Bordier(Bordier,1981)公布的协议,但是对于更小规模和更简单的使用更加简化和缩小(Taguchi等人,2013) > Triton X-114(TX114)是非离子型洗涤剂,在22℃下具有相对低的浊点,在高于浊点的温度下分离成洗涤剂(Det)和水相(Aq)。在相分离期间,TX114溶液中的疏水性溶质被隔离到Det相,而亲水性溶质被隔离到Aq相。利用这种现象,TX114提取是一种非常通用的技术,有效地集中疏水蛋白,特别是糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定蛋白像朊蛋白(PrP),因为他们有大量的高度疏水性部分。此外,使用TX114的相分离可耐受各种条件,例如不同pH或相对低浓度的盐酸胍。由于只要发生相分离,疏水性蛋白就被螯合到Det相,并且如果感兴趣的蛋白质的疏水性不受pH或变性剂的影响,该技术也可以用于改变缓冲液或去除变性剂。当使用在洗涤剂溶液中维持活性的酶或蛋白酶时,TX114也可以用于通过蛋白质的酶消化来分离疏水性和水溶性亲水部分,如通过使用体外PrP消化PrP与磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C(Taguchi等人,2013)。

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