| Analysis of Mitochondrial Transfer in Direct Co-cultures of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages (MDM) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)
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Author:
Date:
2017-05-05
[Abstract] Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are adult stem cells which have been shown to improve survival, enhance bacterial clearance and alleviate inflammation in pre-clinical models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. These diseases are characterised by uncontrolled inflammation often underpinned by bacterial infection. The mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory effects are not fully understood yet. We sought to investigate MSC cell contact-dependent communication with alveolar macrophages (AM), professional phagocytes which play an important role in the lung inflammatory responses and anti-bacterial defence. With the use of a basic direct co-culture system, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry we visualised and effectively quantified MSC mitochondrial transfer to AM ...
[摘要] 间充质干/基质细胞（MSC）是成年干细胞，已被证明可以改善急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和败血症临床前模型中的存活，增强细菌清除和减轻炎症。这些疾病的特征在于通常受细菌感染支持的不受控制的炎症。 MSC免疫调节作用的机制尚未完全了解。我们试图研究与肺泡巨噬细胞（AM），在肺炎症反应和抗菌防御中起重要作用的专业吞噬细胞的MSC细胞接触依赖性通信。通过使用基本的直接共培养系统，共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞术，我们通过隧道纳米管（TNT）显现并有效量化了MSC线粒体转移到AM。为了模拟人类AM，在粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）存在下，从人供体血液中分离原代单核细胞并分化成巨噬细胞（单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞，MDM），从而允许适应AM样表型（de Almeida等人，2000; Guilliams等人，2013）。人骨髓衍生的MSC用线粒体特异性荧光染色标记，广泛洗涤，以1:20（MSC / ...
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| Phagolysosomal Trafficking Assay
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Author:
Date:
2014-07-05
[Abstract] Phagolysosomal trafficking is an important innate defense pathway that clears microbes by delivering them to lysosomes, the degradative compartment of the cell. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, subverts this host defense mechanism by arresting maturation of the phagosome. The ability of Mtb to arrest its delivery to the lysosome can be demonstrated by the prolonged co-localization of bacteria containing phagosomes/vacuole with early phagosomal markers [such as, Ras- related proteins in the brain 5 (Rab5) and Transferrin receptor (TfR)], and a failure to acquire late phagosomal and lysosomal markers (such as Rab7 and LAMP1) (Deretic and Fratti, 1999, Mehra et al., 2013). Here, a protocol is outlined for infection of macrophages with ...
[摘要] 吞噬溶酶体运输是重要的先天防御途径，通过将其递送至溶酶体，即细胞的降解区室来清除微生物。结核病的致病因子结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）通过阻滞吞噬体的成熟来破坏这种宿主防御机制。 Mtb阻止其递送至溶酶体的能力可以通过含有吞噬体/液泡的细菌与早期吞噬体标记物[例如，脑5中的Ras相关蛋白（Rab5）和转铁蛋白受体（TfR） ）]，以及未获得晚期吞噬体和溶酶体标记物（例如Rab7和LAMP1）（Deretic和Fratti，1999，Mehra等人，2013）。在这里，概述了用分枝杆菌物种感染巨噬细胞的方案，所述分枝杆菌物种如致病性Mtb疫苗菌株牛分枝杆菌 - 卡介苗（BCG）和快速分裂的非致病性耻垢分枝杆菌（Msmeg），然后间接免疫荧光显微镜观察宿主液泡标记。此后，通过使用数学工具处理细菌的二值图像来进行分枝杆菌和宿主液泡标记如TfR和LAMP1之间的共定位程度的自动定量。这导致直接在细菌/细菌簇周围的这些宿主标志物的平均荧光强度（MFI）的定量，相对于手动完成时具有增加的灵敏度。通过操纵宿主或病原体，该测定可用于评价细胞内运输的宿主或细菌决定簇。基本方法可以应用于研究其他细菌或颗粒状珠子的运输，尽管感染和吞噬体成熟的动力学将取决于吞噬性货物。数学分析工具可用于许多标准成像分析程序。然而，对于类似分析的任何适应性应由个体用户利用其成像和分析平台来确认。
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| In vitro T Cell–DC and T Cell–T Cell Clustering Assays
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Author:
Date:
2013-10-20
[Abstract] To get activated, T cells need to find their cognate antigen at the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC). Recognition of cognate antigen in the context of the MHC (Major histocompatibility complex) by the TCR (T-Cell Receptor) results in long lasting interactions between T cells and APCs. Subsequently, T cells form homotypic interactions with each other, which is seen as a hallmark of T cell activation. This protocol describes a method to analyze T-APC and T-T conjugation.
[摘要] 为了激活，T细胞需要在抗原呈递细胞（APC）的表面找到它们的同源抗原。 通过TCR（T细胞受体）在MHC（主要组织相容性复合物）的上下文中的同源抗原的识别导致T细胞和APC之间的持久的相互作用。 随后，T细胞彼此形成同型相互作用，这被看作是T细胞活化的标志。 该协议描述了一种分析T-APC和T-T共轭的方法。
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