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Sucrose

蔗糖

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: S7903
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Measuring Extracellular Proton and Anionic Fluxes in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes
Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract]  

The ion-selective vibrating probe has been used to detect and quantify the magnitude and direction of transmembrane fluxes of several ions in a wide range of biological systems. Inherently non-invasive, vibrating probes have been essential to access relevant electrophysiological parameters related to apical growth and morphogenesis in pollen tubes, a highly specialized cell where spatiotemporal tuning of ion dynamics is fundamental. Of relevance, crucial processes to the cell physiology of pollen tubes associated with protons and anions have been elucidated using vibrating probes, allowing the identification of diverse molecular players underlying and regulating their extracellular fluxes. The use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a genetic model system posed new challenges given their

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[摘要]  [摘要]离子选择性振动探针已被用于检测和量化各种生物系统中几种离子的跨膜通量的大小和方向。固有Ñ上侵入性,振动探针已经必需访问有关在花粉管,与心尖生长和形态发生电生理参数高度专业化的细胞,其中离子动力学的时空调谐是根本。与此相关的是,已使用振动探针阐明了与质子和阴离子相关的花粉管细胞生理学的关键过程。 ,可以识别潜在分子并调节其细胞外通量。利用拟南芥作为遗传模型系统所带来的相对赋予了新的挑战LY尺寸小,不易操纵体外。在这里,我们描述了协议优化,该优化使在拟南芥花粉管中使用离子选择性振动探针成为可能,从而确保了一致且可重复的数据。Q这样的定量的方法启用表征离子转运蛋白的突变体表现型,这是不被明显形态学和生殖缺陷直接可检测的,提供了有价值的见解分子和细胞机制。可以将此处详述的用于量化细胞外质子和阴离子通量的方案调整为其他系统和物种,同时将样品制备方法应用于相关技术,从而促进对花粉管生长和发育的研究。

[背景]生物电和离子交换的对活体细胞的相关性是毋庸置疑的,具有一个功能影响的范围内的现象,从图案形成,信令和发展癌症和其他疾病(莱,2014)。多样的技术可以被用于检测动作电位,电场,胞外电流,和离子通量。然而,它们的功能评估在体内需要小号的非侵入性的方法。理想情况下,任何感兴趣的生物系统都应在尽可能少的干扰下和最生理的条件下进行研究。这些标准是由非侵入性的离子选择性振动探头,它已被用于在很宽的测量多个跨膜离子通量达到各种实验系统,包括果蝇(布朗和O'Donnell的,2016),斑马鱼(GUH的等。,2016),小鼠皮肤(孙等人,2015年),根(他等人,2015年),水蚤(Stensberg等,2014),C.线虫(Adlimoghaddam等,2014),等等。在花粉管中,使用离子选择性振动探针定量测量细胞外离子通量对于确定主要离子(尤其是Ca ...

Polyamine Transport Assay Using Reconstituted Yeast Membranes
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

ATP13A2/PARK9 is a late endo-/lysosomal P5B transport ATPase that is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We recently characterized ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter, which sheds light on the molecular identity of the unknown mammalian polyamine transport system. Here, we describe step by step a protocol to measure radiolabeled polyamine transport in reconstituted vesicles from yeast cells overexpressing human ATP13A2. This protocol was developed as part of our recent publication (van Veen et al., 2020) and will be useful for characterizing the transport function of other putative polyamine transporters, such as isoforms of the P5B transport ATPases.

[摘要]  [摘要] ATP13A2 / PARK9是一种晚期内/溶酶体P5B转运ATPase,与多种神经退行性疾病有关。我们最近将ATP13A2表征为溶酶体多胺出口者,这为未知的哺乳动物多胺转运系统的分子身份提供了线索。在这里,我们逐步描述了从过量表达人ATP13A2的酵母细胞中测量重组囊泡中放射性标记的多胺转运的方案。该方案是我们最新出版物的一部分(van Veen等,2020),将有助于表征其他假定的多胺转运蛋白的转运功能,例如P5B转运ATPase的同工型。


[背景] ATP13A2 / PARK9编码一种普遍表达的晚期内-/溶酶体膜蛋白,与一系列神经退行性疾病有关,例如早发性帕金森氏病(Di Fonzo等,2007 ;Lin等,2008)和Kufor -Rakeb综合征(伴痴呆的早期帕金森病)(Ramirez等,2006 ;Park等,2011)。ATP13A2属于P型转运ATPase ,是一类活性转运蛋白,由于ATP水解而暂时形成磷酸中间产物(Kuhlbrandt ,2004年)。ATP13A2是P5亚家族的成员,该家族已在20多年前通过基因组测序鉴定出来(Axelsen和Palmgren ...

Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract]  

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular herb with high economic value and is currently threatened by a severe oomycete disease. An efficient transformation method is a prerequisite for gene functional analysis to accelerate molecular breeding and deploy effective disease management strategies, and breeding through genetic engineering. Here we present a detailed protocol for a highly efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for sweet basil, which was established based on a previously reported method by other researchers, with modifications on several aspects, including growth of sweet basil, age of plants used for explants, preparation and concentration of Agrobacteria. This protocol allows researchers in academia and agroindustry to generate transgenic sweet

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[摘要]  [摘要]甜罗勒(Ocimum basilicum )是一种流行的草药,具有很高的经济价值,目前正受到严重的卵菌病的威胁。高效的转化方法是基因功能分析加速分子育种和部署有效疾病管理策略以及通过基因工程进行育种的前提。在这里,我们介绍一种高效的根癌农杆菌介导的甜罗勒转化方法的详细协议,该方法是根据其他研究人员先前报道的方法建立的 ,在几个方面进行了修改,包括甜罗勒的生长,用于外植体的植物的年龄,农杆菌的制备和浓度。该方案使学术界和农用工业的研究人员能够以简单,快速和高度可重复的方式生成转基因甜罗勒植物。另外,该协议可适用于转化Ocimum属内的其他物种。


[背景]甜罗勒(Ocimum basilicum )是一种流行的草药,因其显着的药用,烹饪和美容特性而具有很高的经济价值。它的全球生产受到卵菌病原体Peronospora belbahrii引起的严重霜霉病的阻碍。涉及甜罗勒种间杂交的传统育种一直困扰着F1的不育,并且难以分离出不良性状。另一方面,甜罗勒的基因工程为研究分子生物学,拓宽理想性状来源和加快育种过程提供了平台。利用农杆菌介导的稳定转化为甜罗勒建立了高效的CRISPR / Cas9介导的ObDMR1基因定向诱变基因编辑系统(Navet and ...

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