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Insulin from bovine pancreas

来自牛胰腺的胰岛素

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: I1882
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Biochemical Analysis of Dimethyl Suberimidate-crosslinked Yeast Nucleosomes
Author:
Date:
2018-03-20
[Abstract]  Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of eukaryotic chromosome packaging, comprised of 147 bp of DNA wrapped around two molecules of each of the core histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Nucleosomes are symmetrical, with one axis of symmetry centered on the homodimeric interaction between the C-termini of the H3 molecules. To explore the functional consequences of nucleosome symmetry, we designed an obligate pair of H3 heterodimers, termed H3X and H3Y, allowing us to compare cells with single or double H3 alterations. Our biochemical validation of the heterodimeric X-Y interaction included intra-nucleosomal H3 crosslinking using dimethyl suberimidate (DMS). Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the use of DMS to analyze yeast nucleosomes. [摘要]  核小体是真核染色体包装的基本单元,由围绕核心组蛋白H2A,H2B,H3和H4中的每一个的两个分子包裹的147bp DNA组成。 核小体是对称的,一个对称轴以H3分子的C-末端之间的同源二聚体相互作用为中心。 为了探索核小体对称性的功能性后果,我们设计了一对特异性H3异二聚体,称为H3X和H3Y,使我们能够比较具有单一或双重H3改变的细胞。 我们对异二聚体X-Y相互作用的生物化学验证包括使用二甲基琥珀三酸酯(DMS)进行的核内H3交联。 在这里,我们提供了使用DMS来分析酵母核小体的详细方案。

【背景】组蛋白的翻译后修饰影响染色体生物学的各个方面,包括转录,复制,修复和重组。因为核小体包含每个核心组蛋白的两个拷贝,所以修饰可以是对称的(在两个H3尾部上的相同修饰,例如,在核小体内的两个H3尾部上的K27me(Voigt等人

对于单个核小体内H3X-H3Y相互作用的生化验证,我们生成了表达细菌生物素连接酶BirA,N-末端V5-标记的H3X和N-末端生物素接受表位标记的H3Y的酵母菌株(Beckett等人, 1999)。 ...

Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Knockdown in Mammary Tumor Organoids
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  Primary mammary tumor organoids grown in 3D are an excellent system to study tumor biology. They resemble the organization and physiology of native epithelia more closely than cancer cell lines grown in 2D, and additionally model interactions with the ECM (Boj et al., 2015; Clevers, 2016; Shamir and Ewald, 2014). Mammary tumor organoids are therefore a promising model system to identify and characterize novel drivers of breast cancer that would be unlikely to be identified using 2D cell lines. Antisense oligonucleotides can be used to efficiently and specifically knockdown target genes in the cell (Bennett et al., 2017). They can be taken up freely by organoids without the need for a transfection agent, making them a convenient tool for routine lab studies and screens. [摘要]  在3D生长的原发性乳腺肿瘤组织是研究肿瘤生物学的优秀系统。 它们类似于天然上皮的组织和生理学,比2D生长的癌细胞系更为紧密,另外还与ECM的模型相互作用(Boj et al。,2015; Clevers,2016; Shamir and Ewald,2014)。 因此,乳腺肿瘤组织因子是一种有希望的模型系统,用于识别和表征不可能使用2D细胞系识别的乳腺癌的新型驱动因素。 反义寡核苷酸可用于有效和特异地敲低细胞中的靶基因(Bennett等,2017)。 它们可以被有机物自由摄取,而不需要转染剂,使其成为常规实验室研究和筛选的便捷工具。
【背景】乳腺癌是全世界妇女中最常见的恶性肿瘤,是妇女癌症死亡率的第二大原因(Siegel等,2017)。为了改善现有的治疗方案,确定和调查具有预防乳腺癌进展潜力的新分子靶标至关重要。我们应用RNA-seq来产生与正常乳腺上皮细胞相比在原发性乳腺肿瘤中失调的长非编码RNA(lncRNA)的综合目录,并将30个先前未表征的lncRNA作为乳腺肿瘤相关RNA(MaTARs)进行优先排序。为了功能评估MaTARs作为肿瘤进展的关键驱动因素,我们对3D乳腺肿瘤组织中的所有30个MaTARs进行了反义寡核苷酸(ASO)介导的敲低分析(Diermeier等,2016)。
   ASO是短(20-mers),含有硫代磷酸酯修饰的核苷酸的单链DNA分子以及2'-ribose(5-10-5 ...

Isolation of Mammary Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts From Mouse Tumor
Author:
Date:
2014-02-20
[Abstract]  Developing cancer therapeutics requires the ability to investigate their effects using in vitro models of a specific type of tumor. This protocol provides a method for the isolation and adoption to growth in culture of cells from primary tumors. This is particularly valuable for studying mouse models where original tumor cells can be evaluated, for example for gene modifications, and subsequently injected back to the same background mice to create more tumors for in vivo efficacy studies. [摘要]  开发癌症治疗剂需要使用特定类型肿瘤的体外模型研究它们的效果的能力。 该方案提供了用于分离和采用来自原发性肿瘤的细胞培养物中的生长的方法。 这对于研究可评估原始肿瘤细胞(例如基因修饰)并随后注射回相同背景小鼠以产生更多肿瘤用于体内效力研究的小鼠模型特别有价值。

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