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TritonTM X-100 (Electrophoresis), Fisher BioReagentsTM

Triton X-100(电泳),Fisher BioReagentsTM

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: BP151-500
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Isolation, Culture, and Staining of Single Myofibers
Author:
Date:
2016-10-05
[Abstract]  Adult skeletal muscle regeneration is orchestrated by a specialized population of adult stem cells called satellite cells, which are localized between the basal lamina and the plasma membrane of myofibers. The process of satellite cell-activation, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation that occurs during muscle regeneration can be recapitulated ex vivo by isolation of single myofibers from skeletal muscles and culturing them under suspension conditions. Here, we describe an improved protocol to evaluate ex vivo satellite cells activation through isolation of single myofibers from extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of mice and culturing and staining of myofiber-associated satellite cells with the markers of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. [摘要]  成年骨骼肌再生由被称为卫星细胞的成人干细胞的专门群体协调,其被定位在基底层和肌纤维的质膜之间。在肌肉再生期间发生的卫星细胞激活,增殖和随后分化的过程可以通过从骨骼肌中分离单个肌纤维并在悬浮条件下培养它们而在体外重现。在这里,我们描述了一种改进的协议,通过从小鼠的伸肌腱长肌(EDL)肌肉中分离单个肌纤维来评价离体细胞的活化,并培养和染色肌纤维相关的卫星细胞的标记物自我更新,增殖和分化。

[背景] 虽然骨骼肌是一种完全分化的有丝分裂后组织,但是它保持了内在的能力,以对遗传和获得性肌肉纤维损伤的形式Grand和Rudnicki,2007)。成年人的肌肉再生由称为卫星细胞的干细胞群体介导,所述细胞位于有丝分裂静止状态的肌纤维的基底层和肌纤维膜之间(Le Grand和Rudnicki,2007)。响应于肌肉创伤,卫星细胞变得活化和增殖以产生与预先存在的纤维融合的成肌细胞,并彼此相互修复或产生新的肌纤维。一小部分卫星细胞不分化,而是重新进入静止以维持干细胞库。所有哺乳动物物种的卫星细胞表达配对盒(Pax)转录因子Pax7,其也用作确定与其他生肌因子如MyoD相关的卫星细胞命运的关键标记(Le Grand和Rudnicki,2007; et al。,2006; Kuang and Rudnicki,2008)。
  可以通过肌纤维外植体的悬浮培养部分地重现关于卫星细胞活化,增殖和分化的肌肉再生的体内过程(Rosenblatt等人,1995; ...

Determination of Cellular Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) Levels Using a Fluorescently Labelled Selective PI3P Binding Domain (PX)
Author:
Date:
2016-08-20
[Abstract]  The lipid Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns3P or PI(3)P] plays many membrane trafficking roles and is primarily produced by the Class III PI3K, VPS34. Determining the level of cellular PI(3)P however can be complex. Extraction of cellular lipids by methanol/chloroform can struggle to separate and identify distinct phospholipid species. Alternately mass spectrometry may be utilised but this requires significant set up of specialised equipment and time to utilise.

Use of a PI(3)P-binding-specific recombinant protein domain is a quick method for ascertaining cellular PI(3)P levels and can also allow visualisation of sub-cellular localisation. The PX domain of p40phox (herein referred to as PX) is very specific for PI(3)P over other phospholipid species (Kanai et al., ...
[摘要]  脂质磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸[PtdIns3P或PI(3)P]扮演许多膜贩运角色,主要由III类PI3K,VPS34产生。然而,确定细胞PI(3)P的水平可以是复杂的。通过甲醇/氯仿提取细胞脂质可能难以分离和鉴定不同的磷脂种类。或者可以使用质谱法,但这需要大量设置专门的设备和时间来利用。
 使用PI(3)P结合特异性重组蛋白结构域是用于确定细胞PI(3)P水平的快速方法,并且还可以允许亚细胞定位的可视化。 p40phox的PX结构域(本文称为PX)对PI(3)P比其它磷脂种类非常特异(Kanai等人,2001)。然而,在细胞中直接表达PX可能是有问题的,因为它将以显性负性方式作用,以比内源蛋白更大的亲和力结合和螯合PI(3)P,从而干扰细胞途径和PI(3)P水平。因此,使用荧光标记的PX后细胞固定更合适,因为它能突出显示PI(3)富集结构,没有扰乱系统的风险。

Mouse Liver Mitochondria Isolation, Size Fractionation, and Real-time MOMP Measurement
Author:
Date:
2016-08-05
[Abstract]  The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis involves a complex interplay between dozens of proteins and lipids, and is also dependent on the shape and size of mitochondria. The use of cellular models in past studies has not been ideal for investigating how the complex multi-factor interplay regulates the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Isolated systems have proven to be a paradigm to deconstruct MOMP into individual steps and to study the behavior of each subset of MOMP regulators. In particular, isolated mitochondria are key to in vitro studies of the BCL-2 family proteins, a complex family of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins that directly control the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (Renault et al., 2013).

In ...
[摘要]  凋亡的线粒体途径涉及数十种蛋白质和脂质之间的复杂相互作用,并且还依赖于线粒体的形状和大小。在过去的研究中使用细胞模型不是理想的调查如何复杂的多因素相互作用调节线粒体外膜透化(MOMP)的分子机制。分离系统已被证明是将MOMP解构成各个步骤并研究每个子集的MOMP调节剂的行为的范例。特别地,分离的线粒体是BCL-2家族蛋白的体外研究的关键,BCL-2家族蛋白是直接控制凋亡的线粒体途径的促存活和促凋亡蛋白的复合家族(Renault > et al 。,2013)。
  在这个协议,我们描述三个补充程序用于实时调查使用孤立的线粒体MOMP调节器的影响。第一种方法是"肝线粒体分离",其中从小鼠中分离肝脏以获得线粒体。 "用JC-1和大小分级分离的线粒体标记"是描述标记,按大小分级并标准化线粒体亚群的方法的第二个方法。最后,"实时MOMP测量"协议允许在孤立的线粒体上实时跟踪MOMP。上述程序用于在体外确定线粒体膜形状在分离的细胞和分离的线粒体水平上的作用(Renault等人,2015)。

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