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Storm 840 scanner

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Company: Molecular Dynamics
Catalog#: Storm 840
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RNA Capping by Transcription Initiation with Non-canonical Initiating Nucleotides (NCINs): Determination of Relative Efficiencies of Transcription Initiation with NCINs and NTPs
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Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  It recently has been established that adenine-containing cofactors, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and 3’-desphospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA), can serve as ‘non-canonical initiating nucleotides’ (NCINs) for transcription initiation by bacterial and eukaryotic cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and that the efficiency of the reaction is determined by promoter sequence (Bird et al., 2016). Here we describe a protocol to quantify the relative efficiencies of transcription initiation using an NCIN vs. transcription initiation using a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) for a given promoter sequence. [摘要]  最近已经确定,含有腺嘌呤的辅因子,包括烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +),还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和3'-脱磷酸辅酶A(dpCoA)可以作为“非规范起始核苷酸” NCIN),用于通过细菌和真核细胞RNA聚合酶(RNAP)进行转录起始,并且通过启动子序列确定反应的效率(Bird等,2016)。 在这里,我们描述了使用NCIN与使用三磷酸核苷(NTP)对于给定启动子序列的转录起始来定量转录起始的相对效率的方案。
【背景】在细菌,古细菌和真核生物中的转录由序列,结构和机制保守的多亚基RNA聚合酶(RNAPs)进行(Ebright,2000; Lane和Darst,2010)。为了启动转录,RNAP与一个或多个引发因子一起结合称为“启动子”的特异性DNA序列,并解开启动子DNA以形成含有未解链“转录泡”的RNAP启动子开放复合物(RPo)(图1A; Ruff等人,2015)。 RNAP然后通过扩增(“剔除”)或收缩(“抗锯齿”)转录起始点来选择转录起始位点,以将转录起始位点的核苷酸置于RNAP活性中心起始位点(“i位点”)和扩增位点'i + 1位点')结合i位点的互补起始核苷酸底物和“i + 1”位点的互补延伸底物,并催化磷酸二酯键形成产生初始RNA产物(Winkelman等, 2016)。
在标准的从头转录启动中,起始底物是核苷三磷酸(NTP),通常为ATP或GTP(Nickels ...

Analysis of RNA-protein Interactions Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (Gel Shift Assay)
Author:
Date:
2013-11-20
[Abstract]  RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level at multiple steps including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, mRNA localization and translation. RBPs regulate these processes primarily by binding to specific sequence elements in nascent or mature transcripts. There are several hundreds of RBPs in plants, but the targets of most of them are unknown. A variety of experimental methods have been developed to identify targets of an RBP. These include RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and many variations of CLIP (e.g. PAR-CLIP, iCLIP). These approaches depend on immunoprecipitation of RNAs bound to a specific RBP using an antibody to that RBP. Electrophoretic ... [摘要]  RNA结合蛋白(RBP)在包括前mRNA剪接,多聚腺苷酸化,mRNA稳定性,mRNA定位和翻译的多个步骤在调节转录后水平的基因表达中起关键作用。 RBP主要通过结合新生或成熟转录物中的特定序列元件来调节这些过程。植物中有几百个RBP,但其中大多数的目标是未知的。已经开发了各种实验方法来鉴定RBP的目标。这些包括RNA免疫沉淀(RIP),UV交联和免疫沉淀(CLIP)和CLIP的许多变体(例如PAR-CLIP,iCLIP)。这些方法取决于使用针对该RBP的抗体与特异性RBP结合的RNA的免疫沉淀。电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA),也称为凝胶移位分析,已被用于分析蛋白质 - 核酸相互作用。它是一种简单而强大的方法来分析蛋白质-RNA/DNA相互作用。在RNA EMSA中,通过在蛋白质存在下比较RNA的迁移来可视化RNA-蛋白质复合物。通常,在RNA EMSA中,使用特异性RNA序列来分析其与蛋白质的相互作用。将具有荧光标记的体外转录的32 P标记的或化学合成的RNA与或不与目标蛋白一起温育,然后将反应混合物在天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上运行。 RNA-蛋白复合物与游离RNA相比缓慢迁移,其可以使用成像系统可视化。除了测试RBP与RNA的结合之外,EMSA还用于绘制参与相互作用的RNA和/或蛋白质中的区域。此外,还可以使用EMSA定量结合亲和力。

Determination of Enzyme Kinetic Parameters of UDP-glycosyltransferases
Author:
Date:
2013-07-20
[Abstract]  The determination of enzyme kinetic parameters, such as the Km and kcat values, is an essential part of the characterization of newly discovered enzymes. This protocol describes the determination of enzyme kinetic parameters of the Barbarea vulgaris UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) UGT73C11 and UGT73C13 toward the sapogenins oleanolic acid and hederagenin as sugar acceptor substrates. UGTs catalyze the transfer of glycosyl residues. They generally use uridine sugar nucleotides as their sugar donor substrates, whereas sugar acceptor substrates arise from structurally diverse sets of metabolite classes. This protocol is based on the quantification of 14C-labeled glycosides following thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based separation. The dependence of ... [摘要]  测定酶动力学参数,如Km和kcat值,是新发现的酶的表征的重要组成部分。该方案描述了通过将Barbarea vulgaris UDP-糖基转移酶(UGTs)UGT73C11和UGT73C13的酶动力学参数作为糖受体底物朝向皂甙元酸齐墩果酸和雄蕊草素的测定。 UGTs催化糖基残基的转移。他们通常使用尿苷糖核苷酸作为其供体底物,而糖受体底物来自结构不同的代谢物类别。该方案基于以薄层色谱(TLC)为基础的分离后14C标记的糖苷的定量。测量信号对通用放射性标记的糖供体底物的依赖性允许将该方案与广泛范围的不同糖受体底物结合使用。然而,由于这里描述的TLC分离程序已被优化用于分离皂角苷及其糖苷,所以在研究其它化合物类时可能需要进行一些修饰。

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