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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) powder, pH 7.4

磷酸盐缓冲盐水

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P3813
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Measuring Intracellular Vesicle Density and Dispersion Using Fluorescence Microscopy and ImageJ/FIJI
Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract]  Cell signalling, cell secretion, and plasma membrane repair are processes that critically rely on intracellular vesicles, important components of the endocytic and secretory pathways. More specifically, the strategic distribution of intracellular vesicles is important for diverse cellular processes. The method presented here is a simple, affordable, and efficient tool to analyze the distribution of intracellular vesicles such as lysosomes, endosomes, Golgi vesicles or secretory granules under different experimental conditions. The method is an accessible way to analyze the density and dispersion of intracellular vesicles by combining immunofluorescence with pixel-based quantification software (e.g., ImageJ/FIJI). This protocol can be used widely within the scientific community ... [摘要]  [摘要]细胞信号传导、细胞分泌和质膜修复是严重依赖于细胞内小泡的过程,这些小泡是细胞内吞和分泌途径的重要组成部分。更具体地说,细胞内囊泡的策略性分布对不同的细胞过程非常重要。该方法是一种简单、经济、有效的分析溶酶体、内体、高尔基体或分泌颗粒等细胞内囊泡分布的工具。该方法是通过结合免疫荧光和基于像素的量化软件(例如ImageJ/FIJI)来分析细胞内囊泡的密度和分散度的一种简便方法。该协议可以在科学界广泛使用,因为它利用了ImageJ/FIJI,一个免费的开源软件。通过追踪荧光囊泡相对于细胞核的位置,我们能够量化和分析它们在整个细胞中的分布。

[背景]细胞内小泡是细胞内吞和分泌途径的重要组成部分,负责维持细胞的一些重要功能。因此,许多研究集中在生理和病理条件下调控囊泡分布的途径,而其他研究则探讨了在许多重要的细胞过程中囊泡分布异常的后果。

1988年,Aunis和Bader发现分泌细胞中存在两个分泌小泡池(Aunis和Bader,1988)。第一个小池位于质膜下方,分泌不受细胞骨架的调节,而是由于与细胞骨架中的元素结合而附着在质膜上;第二个池子附着在肌动蛋白细丝上,略远离细胞膜,当第一池耗尽后,可被动员到质膜的内小叶上。这是通过膜的去极化、肌动蛋白丝的重排和细胞骨架屏障的溶解来实现的,从而使其从细胞骨架上脱离,到达胞外部位。
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Isolation, Culture, and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts Derived from Muscle Satellite Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract]  The skeletal muscle is key for body mobility and motor performance, but aging and diseases often lead to progressive loss of muscle mass due to wasting or degeneration of muscle cells. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) represent a population of tissue stem cells residing in the skeletal muscles and are responsible for homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Growth, injury, and degenerative signals activate MuSCs, which then proliferate (proliferating MuSCs are called myoblasts), differentiate and fuse with existing multinuclear muscle cells (myofibers) to mediate muscle growth and repair. Here, we describe a protocol for isolating MuSCs from skeletal muscles of mice for in vitro analysis. In addition, we provide a detailed protocol on how to culture and ... [摘要]  [摘要] 骨骼肌是身体活动和运动表现的关键,但是衰老和疾病通常会由于肌肉细胞的浪费或变性而导致肌肉质量的逐步丧失。肌卫星细胞(MuSCs)代表的组织STE群体米细胞小号居住在骨骼肌和负责骨骼肌的体内平衡维持和再生。生长,损伤和变性信号激活MuSC,然后增殖(增殖的MuSC被称为成肌细胞),分化并与现有的多核肌肉细胞(肌纤维)融合,以介导肌肉的生长和修复。在这里,我们描述了从小鼠骨骼肌中分离MuSC的体外实验方案分析。此外,我们提供了有关如何将原代成肌细胞培养和分化成肌管的详细协议,以及用于表征细胞的免疫荧光染色程序。这些方法对于在体外模拟再生肌生成以了解MuSC 的动力学,功能和分子调控至关重要。

[背景] 通过多种细胞功能维持肌肉的动态平衡,对于保持肌肉的完整性至关重要。组织特异性成体干细胞能够在整个生命中连续不断地再生局部组织。在成年骨骼肌中,称为肌肉卫星细胞(MuSC)的干细胞群具有强大的再生能力,这是肌肉动态平衡的关键(Yin 等人,2013; Dumont 等人,2016)。静态MuSC位于与肌肉纤维并列的基底层下方的壁iche中,负责肌肉的生长和再生(Yin 等人,2013; Dumont 等人,2016)。

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Direct Visualization of the Multicopy Chromosomes in Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. The fresh water cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a model organism for the study of photosynthesis and gene regulation, and for biotechnological applications. Besides several freshwater cyanobacteria, S. elongatus 7942 also contains multiple chromosomal copies per cell at all stages of its cell cycle. Here, we describe a method for the direct visualization of multicopy chromosomes in S. elongatus 7942 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). [摘要]  蓝细菌是进行含氧光合作用的原核生物。 淡水蓝藻 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942是用于研究光合作用和基因调控以及生物技术应用的模式生物。 除了几种淡水蓝藻, S. 细胞 7942在其细胞周期的所有阶段每个细胞还含有多个染色体拷贝。 在这里,我们描述了一种直接可视化 S中多拷贝染色体的方法。 通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)测定细菌 7942。

【背景】蓝藻是原核微生物,其利用与高等植物中的叶绿体类似的产氧光合系统。虽然 Escherichia coli 和枯草芽孢杆菌等细菌具有单个圆形染色体,但是几种淡水蓝细菌每个细胞有多个圆形染色体(Mann和Carr,1974; Labarre 等人,1989; Binder和Chisholm,1995)。淡水蓝藻 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942(以下简称 S.longatus 7942)每个细胞携带3-8个染色体拷贝(Griese et al。,2011; Watanabe et al。,2012; Watanabe et al。,2015)。已经建立了荧光报告子 - 操纵子系统来获取 S的多拷贝染色体的图像。 elongatus 7942(Chen et al。,2012; Jain et ...

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