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Immobilon-P Membrane, PVDF, 0.45 µm, 26.5 cm x 3.75 m roll

Immobilon-P膜,PVDF,0.45μm,26.5cm×3.75m辊

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: IPVH00010
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Phos-tag Immunoblot Analysis for Detecting IRF5 Phosphorylation
Author:
Date:
2017-05-20
[Abstract]  While the activation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is critical for the induction of innate immune responses, it also contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IRF5 phosphorylation is a hallmark of its activation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, where active IRF5 induces type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine genes. By using the phosphate-binding molecule Phos-tag, without either radioisotopes or phospho-specific antibodies, the protocol described here enables detection of the phosphorylation of both human and murine IRF5, as well as that of other proteins. [摘要]  虽然转录因子干扰素调节因子5(IRF5)的激活对于诱导先天免疫应答至关重要,但也有助于自身免疫疾病系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的发病机制。 IRF5磷酸化是其在Toll样受体(TLR)途径中的活化的标志,其中活性IRF5诱导I型干扰素和促炎细胞因子基因。通过使用不含放射性同位素或磷酸特异性抗体的磷酸结合分子磷酸标签,本文所述的方案可以检测人和鼠IRF5以及其他蛋白质的磷酸化。

背景 在TLR-MyD88途径中,IRF5通过翻译后修饰如泛素化和磷酸化被激活,然后活性IRF5转位到细胞核中并诱导其靶基因(Takaoka等人,2005; Balkhi ,2008; Tamura等人,2008; Hayden and Ghosh,2014)。关于IRF5在SLE中的激活状态,已经报道了IRF5积累在SLE患者的单核细胞核中(Stone等人,2012)。此外,我们最近在SLE鼠模型中显示,IRF5超激活(例如,升高的磷酸化)导致SLE样疾病的发展(Ban 等人,,2016年)。因此,分析IRF5的激活状态对于研究SLE以及先天免疫应答是重要的。磷酸化是IRF5激活的核心,因为许多研究已经通过定点诱变和/或质谱法揭示了IRF5的功能性磷酸化位点(Barnes等人,2002; Lin et al。等人,2005; ...

Measurement of RNA-induced PKR Activation in vitro
Author:
Date:
2017-03-20
[Abstract]  Protein kinase R (PKR) is one of the key RNA-activated sensors for innate immunity. PKR is activated by pathogenic or aberrant RNAs such as short double-stranded RNAs or those with imperfect secondary structures, as well as a reduction in the amount and number of RNA modifications. Activation of PKR may be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of human diseases. In this protocol, I describe a method for studying levels of RNA-induced PKR activation in vitro. [摘要]  蛋白激酶R(PKR)是先天免疫的核心RNA激活传感器之一。 PKR由致病性或异常RNA如短双链RNA或具有不完全二级结构的RNA激活,以及RNA修饰的量和数量的减少。 PKR的激活可能是人类疾病发病机制的潜在机制。在本协议中,我描述了一种在体外研究RNA诱导的PKR激活水平的方法。

背景 PKR是四种哺乳动物激酶之一,其响应于应激信号磷酸化真核起始因子2-α亚基(eIF2α)。 PKR主要是响应于病毒感染而激活(Holcik和Sonenberg,2005)。 PKR是识别和结合病原RNA的先天免疫的关键组成部分。 RNA与PKR的相互作用促进并稳定其二聚化。然后PKR经历自身磷酸化,随后磷酸化eIF2α以切断一般翻译,同时激活下游信号级联,包括增加的ATF4应激反应转录因子的翻译(Hinnebusch,2005)。
 已知PKR被短双链RNA激活(Manche等人,1992; Zheng和Bevilacqua,2004)以及具有一些不完全二级结构的RNA,例如发夹环(Bevilacqua 等人,1998)。此外,RNA生物发生缺陷,包括较低水平的m ...

Non-radioactive in vitro PINK1 Kinase Assays Using Ubiquitin or Parkin as Substrate
Author:
Date:
2016-10-05
[Abstract]  This protocol describes the in vitro phosphorylation of ubiquitin and Parkin by the kinase PINK1 using recombinant proteins. Both substrates, ubiquitin and Parkin, are phosphorylated at the conserved serine 65 residue (pS65-ubiquitin and pS65-Parkin). The protocol also includes the use of monomeric and K48- and K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains as alternative substrates. Although there are commercially available antibodies, we have not tested their performance in this assay since, but used validated antibodies from our laboratory. An alternative antibody-independent method, the use of phos-tag gels to detect pS65-ubiquitin and pS65-Parkin, is described in addition. [摘要]  该协议描述了通过激酶PINK1使用重组蛋白的泛素和帕金蛋白的体外磷酸化。两种底物,泛素和帕金蛋白,在保守的丝氨酸65残基(pS65-泛素和pS65-帕金蛋白)上磷酸化。该方案还包括使用单体和K48和K63连接的聚泛素链作为替代底物。虽然有市售的抗体,我们没有测试他们在这个测定中的性能,因为,但使用我们实验室的验证抗体。另外描述了另一种抗体非依赖性方法,使用phos-标记凝胶检测pS65-泛素和pS65-帕金。

[背景] 在细胞中, PINK1是稳定和激活的线粒体膜去极化和其他形式的应力,导致线粒体损伤。活化的PINK1磷酸化泛素,其作为线粒体表面上胞质E3泛素连接酶Parkin的受体。 Parkin对PINK1的磷酸化是Parkin对线粒体底物的完全活性所必需的。活性pS65-Parkin的存在在前馈机制中扩增了作为线粒体标记的线粒体上的pS65-泛素的量。最终,受损的线粒体被自噬噬菌体衔接子识别,并将被蛋白酶体和自噬(mitophagy)降解。这种关键的线粒体质量控制通路促进线粒体的周转,并防止可导致细胞变性的功能障碍线粒体的积累。 PINK1或Parkin中的功能缺失突变与早发性帕金森病相关。
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