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Chloramphenicol

氯霉素

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: C0378
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Non-radioactive Assay to Determine Product Profile of Short-chain Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  Isoprenoids represent the largest class of metabolites with amazing diversities in structure and function. They are involved in protecting plants against pathogens or herbivores or involved in attracting pollinators. Isoprenoids are derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP; C10), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP; C15), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP; C20), and geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP; C25) that are in turn formed by sequential condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP; C5) with an allylic acceptor such as dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP; C5), GPP, FPP, or GGPP in a reaction catalyzed by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs). IDS enzyme assay for determination of prenyl diphosphate products is generally performed ... [摘要]  [Abstrac吨]类异戊二烯代表最大的一类代谢物在结构和功能惊人多样性。它们参与保护植物免受病原体或草食动物侵害,或参与吸引传粉媒介。(;çGPP类异戊二烯是从牻牛儿基二磷酸衍生的10 ),法呢基二磷酸(FPP;Ç 15 ),香叶基香叶基二磷酸(GGPP;Ç 20 ),和geranylfarnesyl二磷酸(GFPP; C ^ 25 ),它们又通过的顺序缩合形成异戊烯基二甲基磷酸酯(IPP; C 5 )与烯丙基受体,例如二磷酸二甲基烯丙酯(DMAPP; C 5),GPP,FPP或GGPP)由异戊二烯基二磷酸合酶(IDS)催化的反应。用于确定异戊二烯基二磷酸酯产物的IDS酶测定法通常是使用放射性标记的底物进行的,并且所形成的产物是通过使用昂贵的仪器(例如磷光成像仪,radio-GC或radio-HPLC)来鉴定的。尽管已经报道了一种用于测量粗植物提取物中IDS活性的非放射性测定方法,但它需要使用色谱结合串联质谱(LC / MS-MS)的复杂方法。在这里,我们描述了用于确定使用非放射性标记的IPP及其共同烯丙基底物DMAPP,GPP的IDS分析产物非放射性和简单廉价的测定法,和FPP。在测定中生成的异戊二烯基二磷酸产物的检测非常高效,并且在浓度大于40 µM的IPP和DMAPP / GPP / ...

High-level Production of Recombinant Membrane Proteins Using the Engineered Escherichia coli Strains SuptoxD and SuptoxR
Author:
Date:
2020-08-05
[Abstract]  We have previously described the development of two specialized Escherichia coli strains for high-level recombinant membrane protein (MP) production. These engineered strains, termed SuptoxD and SuptoxR, are capable of suppressing the cytotoxicity caused by MP overexpression and of producing greatly enhanced MP yields. Here, we present a Bio-protocol that describes gene overexpression and culturing conditions that maximize the accumulation of membrane-integrated and well-folded recombinant MPs in these strains. [摘要]  [摘要] 我们之前已经描述了两种用于生产高水平重组膜蛋白(MP)的大肠杆菌菌株的开发。这些工程菌株,称为SuptoxD和SuptoxR,能够抑制MP过度表达引起的细胞毒性,并产生显著提高的MP产量。在这里,我们提出一个生物协议,描述基因过度表达和培养条件,最大限度地积累膜整合和折叠良好的重组多磺酸粘多糖在这些菌株。

[背景]多磺酸粘多糖在所有活生物体的细胞中执行多种关键功能(Wagner et al.,2006;Schlegel et al.,2010),是当前和未来药物的主要靶点(Yildrim et al.,2007)。获得足够数量的分离蛋白是进行生化和结构研究的前提,这反过来又可以加深对其功能的理解,并发现新的MP靶向药物。

由于多磺酸粘多糖通常在其天然环境中以极低的丰度出现,异源宿主通常用于其重组过表达和随后的纯化。许多不同的系统已被用作原核和真核来源的多种多磺酸粘多糖的过表达宿主(Wagner等人,2006年)。其中,大肠杆菌是最受欢迎的一种,因为它的成本非常低,使用方便(Makino等人,2011年)。事实上,这种细菌已经成功地用于生产储存在蛋白质数据库中的所有重组产生的MP结构的大约20%(Dilworth等人,2018年)。尽管有这些优势和成功,但使用大肠杆菌作为MP生产的异源宿主通常伴随着严重的毒性、低水平的最终生物量和微小的最终产量(Miroux和Walker,1996;Wagner等人,2007;Link等人,2008;Gubellini等人,2011)。 ...

Conjugation Protocol Optimised for Roseburia inulinivorans and Eubacterium rectale
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Roseburia and Eubacterium species of the human gut microbiota play an important role in the maintaince of human health, partly by producing butyrate, the main energy source of our colonic epithelial cells. However, our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of these bacteria has been limited by a lack of genetic manipulation techniques. Conjugative transposons previously introduced into Roseburia species could not be easily modified, greatly limiting their applicability as genetic modification platforms. Modular plasmid shuttle vectors have previously been developed for Clostridium species, which share a taxonomic order with Roseburia and Eubacterium, raising the possibility that these vectors could be used in these organisms. ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 人体肠道菌群中的玫瑰菌属和真细菌属在维持人类健康中起着重要作用,部分原因是产生丁酸盐,这是我们结肠上皮细胞的主要能源。但是,由于缺乏基因操作技术,我们对这些细菌的生物化学和生理学的认识受到限制。先前引入玫瑰花属物种的共轭转座子不容易被修饰,极大地限制了它们作为基因修饰平台的适用性。MOD ular质粒穿梭载体先前已经开发了用于梭菌物种,其与共享一个分类次序ř oseburia 和真杆菌,提高这些矢量可以在这些生物体中使用的可能性。在这里,我们描述了一种优化缀合协议使得能够自主复制的质粒的从转印大肠杆菌供体菌株为罗斯氏inulinivorans 和真杆菌rectale 。质粒的模块性质及其通过自主复制在受体细菌中得以维持的能力使其成为研究异源基因表达的理想之选,并成为其他遗传工具(包括反义RNA沉默或II 型移动子中断子基因破坏策略)的平台。

[背景 ] 玫瑰菌和真细菌属人类肠道菌群中含量最高的细菌(Zhernakova 等,2016),它们通过利用饮食和宿主衍生的多糖影响人类健康(Scott 等,2006和2011; Cockburn 等) 。,2015 ; 谢里登等人,2016 )并产生促进健康的代谢物丁酸作为发酵终产物(邓肯等人,2002和2006) 。另外,这些物种能够通过鞭毛调节宿主免疫(Neville ...

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