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Sodium bicarbonate

碳酸氢钠

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: S5761
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Conjugation Protocol Optimised for Roseburia inulinivorans and Eubacterium rectale
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Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Roseburia and Eubacterium species of the human gut microbiota play an important role in the maintaince of human health, partly by producing butyrate, the main energy source of our colonic epithelial cells. However, our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of these bacteria has been limited by a lack of genetic manipulation techniques. Conjugative transposons previously introduced into Roseburia species could not be easily modified, greatly limiting their applicability as genetic modification platforms. Modular plasmid shuttle vectors have previously been developed for Clostridium species, which share a taxonomic order with Roseburia and Eubacterium, raising the possibility that these vectors could be used in these organisms. ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 人体肠道菌群中的玫瑰菌属和真细菌属在维持人类健康中起着重要作用,部分原因是产生丁酸盐,这是我们结肠上皮细胞的主要能源。但是,由于缺乏基因操作技术,我们对这些细菌的生物化学和生理学的认识受到限制。先前引入玫瑰花属物种的共轭转座子不容易被修饰,极大地限制了它们作为基因修饰平台的适用性。MOD ular质粒穿梭载体先前已经开发了用于梭菌物种,其与共享一个分类次序ř oseburia 和真杆菌,提高这些矢量可以在这些生物体中使用的可能性。在这里,我们描述了一种优化缀合协议使得能够自主复制的质粒的从转印大肠杆菌供体菌株为罗斯氏inulinivorans 和真杆菌rectale 。质粒的模块性质及其通过自主复制在受体细菌中得以维持的能力使其成为研究异源基因表达的理想之选,并成为其他遗传工具(包括反义RNA沉默或II 型移动子中断子基因破坏策略)的平台。

[背景 ] 玫瑰菌和真细菌属人类肠道菌群中含量最高的细菌(Zhernakova 等,2016),它们通过利用饮食和宿主衍生的多糖影响人类健康(Scott 等,2006和2011; Cockburn 等) 。,2015 ; 谢里登等人,2016 )并产生促进健康的代谢物丁酸作为发酵终产物(邓肯等人,2002和2006) 。另外,这些物种能够通过鞭毛调节宿主免疫(Neville ...

Cell-free Reconstitution of the Packaging of Cargo Proteins into Vesicles at the trans Golgi Network
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Protein sorting at the trans Golgi network (TGN) plays important roles in targeting newly synthesized proteins to their specific destinations. The aim of this proposal is to reconstitute the packaging of non-Golgi resident cargo proteins into vesicles at the TGN, utilizing rat liver cytosol, semi-intact mammalian cells and nucleotides. The protocol describes how to perform the vesicle formation assay, how to isolate vesicles and how to detect cargo proteins in vesicles. This reconstitution assay can be used to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the packaging of a specific cargo protein into transport vesicles at the TGN under specific experimental conditions. [摘要]  [摘要] 反式高尔基体网络(TGN)上的蛋白质分选在将新合成的蛋白质靶向其特定目的地方面起着重要作用。该提议的目的是利用大鼠肝细胞溶质,半完整的哺乳动物细胞和核苷酸,在TGN处将非高尔基驻留的货物蛋白重新包装成囊泡。该协议描述了如何进行囊泡形成测定,如何分离囊泡以及如何检测囊泡中的货物蛋白。该重构测定法可用于定量测量在特定实验条件下将特定货物蛋白包装到TGN的运输小泡中的效率。

[背景] 的反式高尔基体网络(TGN)是在分泌运送路径的必要的交通枢纽。为了确保水泡运输的保真度,真核细胞利用各种蛋白质分选设备将特定的货物蛋白质准确地包装到TGN的运输小泡中,然后运至特定的目的地(Guo 等人,2014)。为了加深我们对TGN分选过程特异性的理解,重要的是开发一种能够忠实地重构TGN囊泡形成和货物分选过程的分析方法。该测定法可用于直接和定量地测量特定因子在调节特定货物蛋白包装到运输小泡中的作用。从内质网(ER)将货物蛋白包装到COPII囊泡中的无细胞重构已得到很好的建立(Kim 等,2005; Kim 等,2007; Merte 等,2010; Yuan 等。,2018;Niu 等,2019;)。已经开发出一种体外测定法,其在TGN处重构特定货物蛋白TGN46在运输小泡中的释放(Ponnambalam 等,1996;Wakana ...

mRNA Extraction from Gill Tissue for RNA-sequencing
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Adaptation is thought to proceed in part through spatial and temporal changes in gene expression. Fish species such as the threespine stickleback are powerful vertebrate models to study the genetic architecture of adaptive changes in gene expression since divergent adaptation to different environments is common, they are abundant and easy to study in the wild and lab, and have well-established genetic and genomic resources. Fish gills, due to their respiratory and osmoregulatory roles, show many physiological adaptations to local water chemistry, including differences in gene expression. However, obtaining high-quality RNA using popular column-based extraction methods can be challenging from small tissue samples high in cartilage and bone such as fish gills. Here, we describe a bead-based ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 适应被认为是部分通过基因表达的时空变化进行的。鱼种如 三脊棘背由于对不同环境的适应性差异很普遍,因此它们是研究基因表达适应性变化的遗传结构的强大脊椎动物模型,它们在野外和实验室中丰富且易于研究,并且具有完善的遗传和基因组资源。鱼g由于其呼吸和渗透调节作用,对局部水化学表现出许多生理适应性,包括基因表达的差异。但是,从流行于软骨和骨骼的小组织样本(例如鱼g)中,使用流行的基于柱的提取方法获得高质量的RNA可能具有挑战性。在这里,我们描述了不使用纯化柱的基于珠子的mRNA提取和转录组RNA-seq协议。为了使用动物或植物组织进行各种基因表达实验,可以根据样品量轻松调整实验方案。

[背景 ] 转录组测序(RNA-seq)用于量化基因的表达水平,鉴定样品组之间基因表达水平的差异并推断基因共表达。在进化遗传学研究,RNA-SEQ可以用来作为一种方法来研究自适应发散的分子基础(例如,Rougeux 等人;,2019 Verta酒店和Jones,2019) ,鉴定候选基因底层自适应的表型(例如,费雷拉等等人,2017),并推断未知基因的功能(例如,Rawat ...

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