{{'Search' | translate}}
 

pGEM®-T Easy Vector Systems

pGEM ® -T Easy Vector System I

Company: Promega
Catalog#: A1360
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Generation of Mutant Pigs by Direct Pronuclear Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid Vectors
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  A set of Cas9 and single guide CRISPR RNA expression vectors was constructed. Only a very simple procedure was needed to prepare specific single-guide RNA expression vectors with high target accuracy. Since the de novo zygotic transcription had been detected in mouse embryo at the 1-cell stage, the plasmid DNA vectors encoding Cas9 and GGTA1 gene specific single-guide RNAs were micro-injected into zygotic pronuclei to confirm such phenomenon in 1-cell pig embryo. Our results demonstrated that mutations caused by these CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids occurred before and at the 2-cell stage of pig embryos, indicating that besides the cytoplasmic microinjection of in vitro transcribed RNA, the pronuclear microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 DNA vectors provided an efficient solution to ... [摘要]  构建了一套Cas9和单引导CRISPR RNA表达载体。 需要一个非常简单的程序来制备具有高目标精度的特异性单向RNA表达载体。 由于在1细胞期的小鼠胚胎中已经检测到了合并的合子转录,所以将编码Cas9和GGTA1基因特异性单向RNA的质粒DNA载体微注射到合子原核中以确认 1细胞猪胚胎现象。 我们的研究结果表明,这些CRISPR / Cas9质粒引起的突变发生在猪胚胎的2细胞阶段之前和之后,表明除了体外转录的RNA的细胞质显微注射外,CRISPR / Cas9 DNA载体为产生基因敲除猪提供了有效的解决方案。

背景 由于最初发现了大肠杆菌基因组(Ishino)中的大肠杆菌基因组下游的32bp间隔的串联重复的高度保守的29个碱基对(bp)序列,等等,1987; Nakata等人,1989),在约50%至50bp的大小变化的短定期间隔重复序列的家族中发现约50%细菌和90%的古细菌(Makarova等人,2015)。根据它们的特征结构,Mojica(Mojica等人,2009)和Jansen(Jansen等人)引入了定期交织的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)的名称, ,2002),目前普遍使用。首先通过核苷酸序列比对(Jansen等人,2002)在CRISPR基因座的侧翼首先鉴定了一组CRISPR相关基因 cas1 ...

Measurement of RNA-induced PKR Activation in vitro
Author:
Date:
2017-03-20
[Abstract]  Protein kinase R (PKR) is one of the key RNA-activated sensors for innate immunity. PKR is activated by pathogenic or aberrant RNAs such as short double-stranded RNAs or those with imperfect secondary structures, as well as a reduction in the amount and number of RNA modifications. Activation of PKR may be an underlying mechanism for the pathogenesis of human diseases. In this protocol, I describe a method for studying levels of RNA-induced PKR activation in vitro. [摘要]  蛋白激酶R(PKR)是先天免疫的核心RNA激活传感器之一。 PKR由致病性或异常RNA如短双链RNA或具有不完全二级结构的RNA激活,以及RNA修饰的量和数量的减少。 PKR的激活可能是人类疾病发病机制的潜在机制。在本协议中,我描述了一种在体外研究RNA诱导的PKR激活水平的方法。

背景 PKR是四种哺乳动物激酶之一,其响应于应激信号磷酸化真核起始因子2-α亚基(eIF2α)。 PKR主要是响应于病毒感染而激活(Holcik和Sonenberg,2005)。 PKR是识别和结合病原RNA的先天免疫的关键组成部分。 RNA与PKR的相互作用促进并稳定其二聚化。然后PKR经历自身磷酸化,随后磷酸化eIF2α以切断一般翻译,同时激活下游信号级联,包括增加的ATF4应激反应转录因子的翻译(Hinnebusch,2005)。
 已知PKR被短双链RNA激活(Manche等人,1992; Zheng和Bevilacqua,2004)以及具有一些不完全二级结构的RNA,例如发夹环(Bevilacqua 等人,1998)。此外,RNA生物发生缺陷,包括较低水平的m ...

Cell-based Assays to Monitor AID Activity
Author:
Date:
2016-02-05
[Abstract]  The enzyme Activation induced deaminase (AID) underpins antibody affinity maturation and isotype switching through its mutagenic activity of deaminating deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in DNA. Subsequent processing of the deoxyuridine initiates the processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells. Structure-function analysis of AID requires sensitive and biologically relevant methods to measure its various activities. Here we describe simple but effective methods to measure 1) the ability of AID to mutate the Escherichia coli genome, which provides an indication of its catalytic activity; 2) the capacity of AID to perform SHM by complementing a derivative of the DT40 chicken B cell line; 3) the ability of AID to perform CSR by complementing ... [摘要]  酶活化诱导的脱氨酶(AID)通过其将脱氧胞苷脱氨基到DNA中的脱氧尿苷的诱变活性来支持抗体亲和力成熟和同种型转换。脱氧尿苷的后续加工引发B细胞中体细胞超突变(SHM)和类型转换重组(CSR)的过程。 AID的结构功能分析需要灵敏和生物相关的方法来测量其各种活动。在这里我们描述简单但有效的方法来测量1)AID突变大肠杆菌基因组的能力,其提供其催化活性的指示; 2)AID通过补充DT40鸡B细胞系的衍生物来进行SHM的能力; 3)AID通过补充AID缺乏的原代小鼠B细胞来进行CSR的能力。三种方法的组合,伴随着AID亚细胞定位和蛋白质表达水平和稳定性的必要分析作为对照,允许AID的详细结构功能研究。

Comments