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Potassium nitrate, KNO3

硝酸钾

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P8291
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Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of the Elite–Indica Rice Variety Komboka
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. As a result, numerous transformation methods have been developed for both indica and japonica rice. Since breeders continuously develop new rice varieties, transformation protocols have to be adapted for each new variety. Here we provide an optimized transformation protocol with detailed tips and tricks for a new African variety Komboka using immature embryos. In Komboka, we obtained an apparent transformation rate of up to 48% for GUS/GFP reporter gene constructs using this optimized protocol. This ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 遗传转化对于研究基因功能和农作物工程引入新性状均至关重要。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是植物研究中的重要模型,因为它是世界一半以上人口的主食。其结果是,大量的转化方法已经开发了两个籼稻和粳稻米。由于育种者不断开发新的水稻品种,因此必须针对每个新品种适应转化方案。在这里,我们为使用未成熟胚的非洲新品种Komboka 提供了一种优化的转化协议,包括详细的技巧和窍门。在Komboka中,我们使用此优化方案对GUS / GFP报告基因构建体的表观转化率高达48%。该协议也适用于其他优质lite 稻品种。


[背景 ] 为植物的遗传转化的各种方法公顷一直在开发,例如穿孔(Shimamoto PEG介导的原生质体转染。等人,1989;达塔。等人,1992),生物射弹转化(Christou的等人,1991)和农杆菌-介导的转化(Slamet-Loedin 等,2014)。农杆菌介导的转化是将DNA引入植物的最广泛使用的方法之一(van Wordragen and Dons,1992)。该方法已被广泛用于研究,并已成为生物技术的关键先决条件。自从开发新的育种技术(如基因组编辑)以来,它就变得越来越重要(Char ...

In vivo and in vitro 31P-NMR Study of the Phosphate Transport and Polyphosphate Metabolism in Hebeloma cylindrosporum in Response to Plant Roots Signals
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  We used in vivo and in vitro phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to follow the change in transport, compartmentation and metabolism of phosphate in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in response to root signals originating from host (Pinus pinaster) or non-host (Zea mays) plants. A device was developed for the in vivo studies allowing the circulation of a continuously oxygenated mineral solution in an NMR tube containing the mycelia. The in vitro studies were performed on fungal material after several consecutive treatment steps (freezing in liquid nitrogen; crushing with perchloric acid; elimination of perchloric acid; freeze-drying; dissolution in an appropriate liquid ... [摘要]  我们使用体内和体外磷-31核磁共振( 31 P-NMR)光谱来跟踪运输,分区和 外生菌根真菌 Hebeloma cylindrosporum 中的磷酸盐代谢响应来自宿主( Pinus pinaster )或非宿主( Zea mays )的根信号植物。 开发了一种用于体内研究的装置,其允许连续氧化的矿物质溶液在含有菌丝体的NMR管中循环。 在几个连续的处理步骤(在液氮中冷冻;用高氯酸压碎;消除高氯酸;冷冻干燥;在适当的液体培养基中溶解)后,对真菌材料进行体外研究。

【背景】 菌根真菌和植物之间的关联改善了宿主植物的P营养(Smith和Read,2008; Plassard和Dell,2010; Cairney,2011; Smith 等人,,2015)。这种积极效应主要归因于真菌菌丝对磷酸盐(Pi)的吸收,探测了在活跃吸收根周围的耗竭区以外的大量土壤(Smith和Read,2008; Cairney,2011; Smith et al。< em="">,2015)和真菌细胞分泌细胞外磷酸酶(Quiquampoix和Mousain,2005)。吸收的Pi部分地掺入磷酸化的代谢物,磷脂和核酸中,并且部分地浓缩成多磷酸盐(PolyP),其中它们构成液泡中的储存池(Ashford 等人,,1994)。该协议详述了一种装置,该装置允许通过 31 ...

Tracking Lipid Transfer by Fatty Acid Isotopolog Profiling from Host Plants to Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi
Author:
Date:
2018-04-05
[Abstract]  Lipid transfer from host plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi was hypothesized for several years because sequenced arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal genomes lack genes encoding cytosolic fatty acid synthase (Wewer et al., 2014; Rich et al., 2017). It was finally shown by two independent experimental approaches (Jiang et al., 2017; Keymer et al., 2017; Luginbuehl et al., 2017). One approach used a technique called isotopolog profiling (Keymer et al., 2017). Isotopologs are molecules, which differ only in their isotopic composition. For isotopolog profiling an organism is fed with a heavy isotope labelled precursor metabolite. Subsequently, the labelled isotopolog composition of metabolic products is analysed via mass spectrometry. The ... [摘要]  因为测序的丛枝菌根真菌基因组缺乏编码胞质脂肪酸合酶的基因(Wewer等人,2014; Rich等人,2014),因此假定脂质从宿主植物转移到丛枝菌根真菌数年。 / em>,2017)。最终通过两种独立的实验方法(Jiang等人,2017; Keymer等人,2017; Luginbuehl等人, ), 2017年)。一种方法使用称为同位素体谱分析的技术(Keymer等人,2017)。同位素体是分子,它们的同位素组成不同。对于同位素生物学分析,生物体被喂以重同位素标记的前体代谢物。随后,通过质谱分析代谢产物的标记同位素组成。检测到的目标代谢物的同位素体模式产生关于代谢途径和通量的信息(Ahmed et al。,2014)。以下协议描述了一个实验装置,该装置能够在由丛枝菌根真菌及其相关真菌胞外菌丝体定植的植物根中分离出脂肪酸的单独同位素分布图,以阐明两种共生生物之间的通量。我们预测,如果两种相互作用的生物体可以物理分离,则该策略还可以用于研究其他生物体之间的代谢物通量。

【背景】丛枝菌根真菌是生物营养生物。因此,它们不能独立栽培,而是依靠与寄主植物的相互作用来维持生命并完成它们的生命周期。这一特征使得研究两种共生生物,特别是单独的真菌具有挑战性。

为了培养,处理和收获与宿主根分开的真菌,开发了2室培养皿系统,并将其用于以前工作中的标记研究(Bécard和Fortin,1988; ...

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